Reconfiguration of DNA methylation in aging. (November 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zampieri, Michele; Ciccarone, Fabio; Calabrese, Roberta; Franceschi, Claudio; Bürkle, Alexander; Caiafa, Paola
• Is Part Of: Mechanisms of ageing and development. Volume 151(2015)
• Page Start: 60
• Page End: 70
• Publication Date: 2015-11
• Subjects: DNMTs DNA methyltransferases -- SAM S-adenosyl-methionine -- CGIs CpG islands -- 5mC 5-methylcytosine -- LTR long-terminal repeat -- LINE long interspersed nuclear element -- SINE short interspersed nuclear element -- DMRs differentially methylated regions -- 5hmC 5-hydroxymethylcytosine -- TET ten-eleven translocation -- 5fC 5-formylcytosine -- 5caC 5-carboxylcytosine -- BER base excision repair -- SAH S-adenosyl homocysteine -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- WGBS whole-genome bisulfite sequencing; DNA methylation -- Aging -- Epigenetic reprogramming -- 5-Methylcytosine -- 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine; Aging -- Periodicals; Developmental biology -- Periodicals; Aging -- Periodicals; Developmental Biology -- Periodicals; Vieillissement -- Périodiques; Biologie du développement -- Périodiques; Aging; Developmental biology; Periodicals; 612.67
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.02.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0047-6374

Abstract

Highlights: Methylated cytosines have a non-random distribution throughout the genome. DNA methylation patterns are dynamic states balanced by methylation and demethylation. Environmental exposure and lifestyle impact the genomic methylation patterns. Dynamic reprogramming of DNA methylation patterns in aging Abstract: A complex interplay between multiple biological effects shapes the aging process. The advent of genome-wide quantitative approaches in the epigenetic field has highlighted the effective impact of epigenetic deregulation, particularly of DNA methylation, on aging. Age-associated alterations in DNA methylation are commonly grouped in the phenomenon known as "epigenetic drift" which is characterized by gradual extensive demethylation of genome and hypermethylation of a number of promoter-associated CpG islands. Surprisingly, specific DNA regions show directional epigenetic changes in aged individuals suggesting the importance of these events for the aging process. However, the epigenetic information obtained until now in aging needs a re-consideration due to the recent discovery of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, a new DNA epigenetic mark present on genome. A recapitulation of the factors involved in the regulation of DNA methylation and the changes occurring in aging will be described in this review also considering the data available on 5hmC.