CSF cytokines/chemokines as biomarkers in neuroinflammatory CNS disorders: A systematic review. (January 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kothur, Kavitha; Wienholt, Louise; Brilot, Fabienne; Dale, Russell C.
• Is Part Of: Cytokine. Volume 77(2016)
• Page Start: 227
• Page End: 237
• Publication Date: 2016-01
• Subjects: MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- ADEM Acute Disseminated Encephalo Myelitis -- MS Multiple Sclerosis -- NMO Neuromyelitis Optica -- SLE Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- NPSLE Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- OMS Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome -- RE Rasmussen's Encephalitis -- NMDAR N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor -- HSE Herpes Simplex Encephalitis -- NHALE Non Herpes Acute Limbic Encephalitis -- BE Brainstem Encephalitis -- IVIG Intravenous Immunoglobulin -- APC Antigen Presenting Cell -- CSF Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cytokines -- Chemokines -- Biomarkers -- Neuroinflammation -- Encephalitis -- ADEM -- Autoantibodies -- Autoimmune; Cytokines -- Periodicals; 571.844
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1043-4666

Abstract

Highlights: Review the role of CSF cyto/chemokines as biomarkers in neuroinflammatory disorders. Literature is heterogeneous in clinical groups, cyto/chemokine analysis and methodology. Identified trends in cyto/chemokine elevation may provide insight into disease pathogenesis. Cyto/chemokine profile may help to monitor inflammation and response to treatment. Abstract: Despite improved understanding of the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory disorders of the brain and development of new diagnostic markers, our biomarker repertoire to demonstrate and monitor inflammation remains limited. Using PubMed database, we reviewed 83 studies on CSF cytokines and chemokines and describe the pattern of elevation and possible role of cytokines/chemokines as biomarkers in viral and autoimmune inflammatory neurological disorders of the CNS. Despite inconsistencies and overlap of cytokines and chemokines in different neuroinflammation syndromes, there are some trends regarding the pattern of cytokines/chemokine elevation. Namely B cell markers, such as CXCL13 and BAFF are predominantly investigated and found to be elevated in autoantibody-associated disorders, whereas interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is elevated mainly in viral encephalitis. Th2 and Th17 cytokines are frequently elevated in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO), whereas Th1 and Th17 cytokines are more commonly elevated in multiple sclerosis (MS). Cytokine/chemokine profiling might provide new insights into disease pathogenesis, and improve our ability to monitor inflammation and response to treatment.