Imaging human brain networks to improve the clinical efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation. (October 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sale, Martin V.; Mattingley, Jason B.; Zalesky, Andrew; Cocchi, Luca
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 57(2015:Oct.)
• Page Start: 187
• Page End: 198
• Publication Date: 2015-10
• Subjects: Connectomics -- Connectivity -- Depression -- EEG -- fMRI -- Schizophrenia -- Stroke -- OCD -- rTMS -- tDCS -- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) -- Networks -- Neurology -- Psychiatry; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Human behavior -- Periodicals; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Behavior -- Periodicals; Ethology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiologie -- Périodiques; Comportement humain -- Périodiques; Animaux -- Mœurs et comportement -- Périodiques; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Animal behavior; Human behavior; Neurology; Psychophysiology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 573.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-7634

Abstract

Highlights: Non-invasive brain stimulation is increasingly used in neurology and psychiatry. The clinical efficacy of these stimulation approaches remains limited. Imaging brain networks can help identify where and how to stimulate. The treatment of brain disorders will benefit from integrating network science and brain stimulation. Abstract: The flexible integration of segregated neural processes is essential to healthy brain function. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have revealed that psychiatric and neurological disorders are characterized by anomalies in the dynamic integration of widespread neural populations. Re-establishing optimal neural activity is an important component of the treatment of such disorders. Non-invasive brain stimulation is emerging as a viable tool to selectively restore both local and widespread neural activity in patients affected by psychiatric and neurological disorders. Importantly, the different forms of non-invasive brain stimulation affect neural activity in distinct ways, which has important ramifications for their clinical efficacy. In this review, we discuss how non-invasive brain stimulation techniques influence widespread neural integration across brain regions. We suggest that the efficacy of such techniques in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological conditions is contingent on applying the appropriate stimulation paradigm to restore specific aspects of altered neural integration.