Granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor treatment results in recovery of motor function after white matter damage in mice. (23rd November 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Theoret, Jennifer K.; Jadavji, Nafisa M.; Zhang, Min; Smith, Patrice D.
• Is Part Of: European journal of neuroscience. Volume 43:Number 1(2016:Jan.)
• Page Start: 17
• Page End: 24
• Publication Date: 2015-11-23
• Subjects: endothelin‐1 -- forepaw placement -- functional recovery -- mammalian target of rapamycin -- single pellet‐reaching task -- white matter stroke model; Nervous system -- Periodicals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13105
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0953-816X

Abstract

Abstract: Clinical stroke usually results from a cerebral ischaemic event, and is frequently a debilitating condition with limited treatment options. A significant proportion of clinical strokes result from specific damage to the subcortical white matter (SWM), but currently there are few animal models available to investigate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies to promote recovery. Granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is a cytokine that has been previously shown to promote neuroprotective effects after brain damage; however, the mechanisms mediating this effect are not known. Here, it is reported that GM‐CSF treatment results in dramatic functional improvement in a white matter model of stroke in mice. SWM stroke was induced in mice by unilateral injections of the vasoconstrictor, endothelin‐1 (ET‐1). The results reveal that ET‐1‐induced stroke impairs skilled motor function on the single pellet‐reaching task and results in forelimb asymmetry, in adult mice. Treatment with GM‐CSF, after stroke, restores motor function and abolishes forelimb asymmetry. The results also indicate that GM‐CSF promotes its effects by activating mammalian target of rapamycin signalling mechanisms in the brain following stroke injury. Additionally, a significant increase in GM‐CSF receptor expression was found in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the ET‐1‐injected brain. Taken together, the present study highlights the use of an under‐utilized mouse model of stroke (using ET‐1) and suggests that GM‐CSF treatment can attenuate ET‐1‐induced functional deficits. Abstract : GM‐CSF treatment promotes recovery from stroke‐induced white matter damage. Endothelin‐1 induced subcortical white matter (SWM) stroke enhances GM‐CSF receptor expression in the mouse brain. GM‐CSF treatment, following SWM stroke, promotes functional recovery via an mTOR‐dependent mechanism.