Tropospheric ozonesonde profiles at long‐term U.S. monitoring sites: 1. A climatology based on self‐organizing maps. Issue 3 (6th February 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Stauffer, Ryan M.; Thompson, Anne M.; Young, George S.
• Is Part Of: Journal of geophysical research. Volume 121:Issue 3(2016)
• Page Start: 1320
• Page End: 1339
• Publication Date: 2016-02-06
• Subjects: tropospheric ozone -- ozonesondes -- climatology -- CONUS ozone -- self‐organizing maps -- STE; Atmospheric physics -- Periodicals; Geophysics -- Periodicals; 551.5
• DOI: 10.1002/2015JD023641
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2169-897X

Abstract

Abstract: Sonde‐based climatologies of tropospheric ozone (O3 ) are vital for developing satellite retrieval algorithms and evaluating chemical transport model output. Typical O3 climatologies average measurements by latitude or region, and season. A recent analysis using self‐organizing maps (SOM) to cluster ozonesondes from two tropical sites found that clusters of O3 mixing ratio profiles are an excellent way to capture O3 variability and link meteorological influences to O3 profiles. Clusters correspond to distinct meteorological conditions, e.g., convection, subsidence, cloud cover, and transported pollution. Here the SOM technique is extended to four long‐term U.S. sites (Boulder, CO; Huntsville, AL; Trinidad Head, CA; and Wallops Island, VA) with 4530 total profiles. Sensitivity tests on k ‐means algorithm and SOM justify use of 3 × 3 SOM (nine clusters). At each site, SOM clusters together O3 profiles with similar tropopause height, 500 hPa height/temperature, and amount of tropospheric and total column O3 . Cluster means are compared to monthly O3 climatologies. For all four sites, near‐tropopause O3 is double (over +100 parts per billion by volume; ppbv) the monthly climatological O3 mixing ratio in three clusters that contain 13–16% of profiles, mostly in winter and spring. Large midtropospheric deviations from monthly means (−6 ppbv, +7–10 ppbv O3 at 6 km) are found in two of the most populated clusters (combined 36–39% of profiles). These two clusters contain distinctly polluted (summer) and clean O3 (fall‐winter, high tropopause) profiles, respectively. As for tropical profiles previously analyzed with SOM, O3 averages are often poor representations of U.S. O3 profile statistics. Key Points: O3 profile clusters correspond to large‐scale meteorological conditions Three clusters contain O3 >100 ppbv above climatology near the tropopause Clustering captures O3 profile variability better than climatological means