Amyloid‐associated depression and ApoE4 allele: longitudinal follow‐up for the development of Alzheimer's disease. (6th August 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Qiu, Wei Qiao; Zhu, Haihao; Dean, Michael; Liu, Zhiheng; Vu, Linh; Fan, Guanguang; Li, Huajie; Mwamburi, Mkaya; Steffens, David C.; Au, Rhoda
• Is Part Of: International journal of geriatric psychiatry. Volume 31:Number 3(2016)
• Page Start: 316
• Page End: 322
• Publication Date: 2015-08-06
• Subjects: amyloid‐associated depression -- Alzheimer's disease -- apolipoprotein E4 allele (ApoE4); Geriatric psychiatry -- Periodicals; Geriatric Psychiatry -- Periodicals; 618.97689
• DOI: 10.1002/gps.4339
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0885-6230

Abstract

Abstract : Background: Amyloid‐associated depression is associated with cognitive impairment cross sectionally. This follow‐up study was to determine the relationship between amyloid‐associated depression and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Two hundred and twenty three subjects who did not have dementia at baseline were given a repeat cognitive evaluation for incident AD. Depression was defined by having a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES‐D) score ≥ 16, and non‐amyloid vs. amyloid‐associated depression by having a low vs. high plasma amyloid‐β peptide 40 (Aβ40)/Aβ42 ratio. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype was determined, and antidepressant usage was documented. Results: Fifteen subjects developed AD (7%) after an average follow‐up time of 6.2 years. While none of those with non‐amyloid depression developed AD, 9% of those with amyloid‐associated depression developed AD. Further, among those with amyloid‐associated depression, ApoE4 carriers tended to have a higher risk of AD than ApoE4 non‐carriers (40% vs. 4%, p = 0.06). In contrast, 8% of those who did not have depression at baseline developed AD, but ApoE4 carriers and non‐carriers did not show a difference in the AD risk. After adjusting for age, the interaction between ApoE4 and amyloid‐associated depression (β = +0.113, SE = 0.047, P = 0.02) and the interaction between ApoE4 and antidepressant use (β = +0.174, SE = 0.064, P = 0.007) were associated with the AD risk. Conclusions: Amyloid‐associated depression may be prodromal depression of AD especially in the presence of ApoE4. Future studies with a larger cohort and a longer follow‐up are warranted to further confirm this conclusion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.