Neuroinflammation in the peripheral nerve: Cause, modulator, or bystander in peripheral neuropathies?. Issue 4 (6th August 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Martini, Rudolf; Willison, Hugh
• Is Part Of: Glia. Volume 64:Issue 4(2016:Apr.)
• Page Start: 475
• Page End: 486
• Publication Date: 2015-08-06
• Subjects: innate immune system -- adaptive immune system -- macrophage -- fibroblast -- lymphocytes -- nodes of Ranvier; Neuroglia -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; 611.0188
• DOI: 10.1002/glia.22899
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0894-1491

Abstract

Abstract : The role of innate and adaptive inflammation as a primary driver or modifier of neuropathy in premorbidly normal nerves, and as a critical player in amplifying neuropathies of other known causes (e.g., genetic, metabolic) is incompletely understood and under‐researched, despite unmet clinical need. Also, cellular and humoral components of the adaptive and innate immune system are substantial disease modifying agents in the context of neuropathies and, at least in some neuropathies, there is an identified tight interrelationship between both compartments of the immune system. Additionally, the quadruple relationship between Schwann cell, axon, macrophage, and endoneurial fibroblast, with their diverse membrane bound and soluble signalling systems, forms a distinct focus for investigation in nerve diseases with inflammation secondary to Schwann cell mutations and possibly others. Identification of key immunological effector pathways that amplify neuropathic features and associated clinical symptomatology including pain should lead to realistic and timely possibilities for translatable therapeutic interventions using existing immunomodulators, alongside the development of novel therapeutic targets. GLIA 2016;64:475–486 Main points: We discuss the primary inflammatory neuropathies and others in which inflammation results from genetic or metabolic abnormalities. Targeting inflammation with immune modulators may present therapeutic opportunities for currently untreatable diseases.