The protective effect of melatonin on smoke‐induced vascular injury in rats and humans: a randomized controlled trial. Issue 2 (13th January 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, Zhanqi; Ni, Leng; Wang, Jing; Lu, Chengran; Ren, Meng; Han, Wei; Liu, Changwei
• Is Part Of: Journal of pineal research. Volume 60:Issue 2(2016)
• Page Start: 217
• Page End: 227
• Publication Date: 2016-01-13
• Subjects: cigarette smoke -- melatonin -- vascular injury; Pineal gland -- Periodicals; Pineal Gland -- Periodicals; Épiphyse (Glande); Périodique électronique (Descripteur de forme); Ressource Internet (Descripteur de forme); 612.492
• DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12305
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0742-3098

Abstract

Abstract: Smoking is one of the most harmful lifestyles in the world. Very few studies have investigated the effects of melatonin in smoke‐induced vascular injury. This study was designed to investigate whether melatonin could protect rats and humans from smoke‐induced vascular injury. 32 male rats and a double‐blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) containing 63 participants formed the subjects of this study. In rats, 10 mg/kg of melatonin was intraperitoneally injected. Blood samples and abdominal artery were harvested two weeks later. Melatonin decreased the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (CD31), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) compared with the smoke exposed group ( P < 0.05), whereas endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nuclear erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO‐1), catalytic glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) recovered markedly ( P < 0.05). In humans, 3 mg/day of melatonin was taken orally by the participants. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and after two weeks of treatment. Compared with the oral placebo group, melatonin decreased the concentration of fibrinogen (Fbg) ( P = 0.04) and free fatty acids (FFA) ( P = 0.04) in smokers, along with the decreased expression of ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 and ET‐1 ( P = 0.004, P = 0.001, P < 0.0001, respectively). In contrast, Nrf2 and HO‐1 expression were markedly increased ( P = 0.0001, P = 0.0049, respectively) after smokers took melatonin orally. In summary, our present data suggest that melatonin could ameliorate smoke‐induced vascular injury.