Fumigation efficacy and emission reduction using low‐permeability film in orchard soil fumigation. Issue 2 (25th March 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gao, Suduan; Sosnoskie, Lynn M; Cabrera, Jose Alfonso; Qin, Ruijun; Hanson, Bradley D; Gerik, James S; Wang, Dong; Browne, Greg T; Thomas, John E
• Is Part Of: Pest management science. Volume 72:Issue 2(2016:Feb.)
• Page Start: 306
• Page End: 314
• Publication Date: 2015-03-25
• Subjects: 1, 3‐dichloropropene -- chloropicrin -- fumigant application -- methyl bromide -- nematode -- Phytophthora -- shank injection -- soil fumigation -- weed; Pests -- Control -- Periodicals; Pesticides -- Periodicals; 632.9
• DOI: 10.1002/ps.3993
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1526-498X

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Many orchards use fumigation to control soilborne pests prior to replanting. Controlling emissions is mandatory to reduce air pollution in California. This research evaluated the effects of plastic film type [polyethylene (PE) or totally impermeable film (TIF)], application rate of Telone C35 [full (610 kg ha −1 ), 2/3 or 1/3 rates] and carbonation at 207 kPa on fumigant transport (emission and in soil) and efficacy. RESULTS: While increasing fumigant concentrations under the tarp, TIF reduced emissions >95% (∼2% and <1% of total applied 1, 3‐dichloropropene and chloropicrin respectively) relative to bare soil, compared with ∼30% reduction by PE. All fumigation treatments, regardless of film type, provided good nematode control above 100 cm soil depth; however, nematode survival was high at deeper depths. Weed emergence was mostly affected by tarping and fumigant rate, with no effects from the carbonation. CONCLUSION: TIF can effectively reduce fumigant emissions. Carbonation under the studied conditions did not improve fumigant dispersion and pest control. The 2/3 rate with TIF controlled nematodes as effectively as the full rate in bare soil or under the PE film to 100 cm soil depth. However, control of nematodes in deeper soil remains a challenge for perennial crops. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.