Flame Retardancy of Polymers: The Role of Specific Reactions in the Condensed Phase. Issue 1 (9th October 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Schartel, Bernhard; Perret, Birgit; Dittrich, Bettina; Ciesielski, Michael; Krämer, Johannes; Müller, Patrick; Altstädt, Volker; Zang, Lin; Döring, Manfred
• Is Part Of: Macromolecular materials and engineering. Volume 301:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 9
• Page End: 35
• Publication Date: 2015-10-09
• Subjects: charring -- epoxy -- flame retardance -- pyrolysis -- thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); Plastics -- Periodicals; Polymers -- Periodicals; Polymerization -- Periodicals; 547.705
• DOI: 10.1002/mame.201500250
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1438-7492

Abstract

Abstract : Condensed‐phase mechanisms play a major role in fire‐retardant polymers. Generations of development have followed the concept of charring to improve fire properties. Whereas the principal reactions are believed to be known, the specific description for multicomponent systems is lacking, as is the picture across different systems. A two‐step approach is proposed in general, and also presented in greater detail. The second step covers the specific reactions controlling charring, whereas the actual reactants are provided in the preceding step. This model consistently incorporates the variety of structure–property relationships reported. A comprehensive case study is presented on seven phosphorus flame retardants in two epoxy resins to breathe life into the two‐step approach. Abstract : Specific reactions control charring in burning polymers . In a preceding step, the reactants are provided in competition to releasing volatiles. Such a simple two‐step model enables a detailed description as well as a general overview of the flame‐retardancy mechanisms in the condensed phase. A comprehensive case study of seven phosphorous flame retardants in two epoxy resins underlines the model.