Low and Declining Risk for Malaria in Visitors to Indonesia: A Review of Local Indonesian and European Travelers' Data and a Suggestion for New Prophylactic Guidelines. Issue 6 (13th October 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Johansson Århem, Katarina M.; Gysin, Nicole; Nielsen, Henrik V.; Surya, Asik; Hellgren, Urban
• Is Part Of: Journal of travel medicine. Volume 22:Issue 6(2015)
• Page Start: 389
• Page End: 395
• Publication Date: 2015-10-13
• Subjects: Communicable diseases -- Prevention -- Periodicals; Medicine, Preventive -- Periodicals; Travel -- Periodicals; 613.6805
• DOI: 10.1111/jtm.12233
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1195-1982

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="jtm12233-abs-0001"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="jtm12233-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Introduction</title> <p id="jtm12233-para-0001">The world's malaria map is constantly changing and with it the risk for travelers to contract malaria. While some efforts to appreciate the malaria situation for indigenous populations in Indonesia have been made recently, there is only sparse data in the literature on the risk for travelers to Indonesia.</p> </sec> <sec id="jtm12233-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p id="jtm12233-para-0002">Data were collected from the Indonesian Ministry of Health (MoH), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Indonesian official statistics website Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), and from the different European national surveillance bodies. Finally, a comparison between recent official guidelines for prevention of malaria in travelers from Germany, the United States, the UK, and from WHO was done.</p> </sec> <sec id="jtm12233-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p id="jtm12233-para-0003">Data from Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland show a steady decline of imported cases of malaria from Indonesia from 1997 to 2013, with a leveling off during the last few years. In our study material, the <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic> incidence 2009 to 2013 was 0.35 cases per 100, 000 visits and the <italic>Plasmodium vivax</italic> incidence 1.3 cases per 100, 000 visits, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.1–0.9 and 0.7–2.2, respectively. Indonesian data also show a decline of malaria cases—the Annual Parasite Index (API) for all species of malaria has decreased from 4.68 cases per 1, 000 inhabitants in 1990 to 1.38 cases per 1, 000 inhabitants in 2013.</p> </sec> <sec id="jtm12233-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusion</title> <p id="jtm12233-para-0004">Based on these data updated recommendations for malaria prophylaxis in travelers to Indonesia are suggested.</p> </sec> </abstract>