Effects of medetomidine and xylazine on intraocular pressure and pupil size in healthy Beagle dogs. (20th February 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kanda, Teppei; Iguchi, Ayano; Yoshioka, Chieko; Nomura, Haruka; Higashi, Kanako; Kaya, Minami; Yamamoto, Rie; Kuramoto, Tomoko; Furukawa, Toshinori
• Is Part Of: Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia. Volume 42:Number 6(2015:Nov.)
• Page Start: 623
• Page End: 628
• Publication Date: 2015-02-20
• Subjects: Veterinary anesthesia -- Periodicals; 636.089
• DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12249
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1467-2987

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="vaa12249-abs-0001"> <title>Abstract</title> <sec id="vaa12249-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Objective</title> <p>To determine the effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of medetomidine and xylazine on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size in normal dogs.</p> </sec> <sec id="vaa12249-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Study design</title> <p>Prospective, randomized, experimental, crossover trial.</p> </sec> <sec id="vaa12249-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Animals</title> <p>Five healthy, purpose‐bred Beagle dogs.</p> </sec> <sec id="vaa12249-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>Each dog was administered 11 IM injections of, respectively: physiological saline; medetomidine at doses of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>, and xylazine at doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. Injections were administered at least 1 week apart. IOP and pupil size were measured at baseline (before treatment) and at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 24 hours post‐injection.</p> </sec> <sec id="vaa12249-sec-0005" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>A significant decrease in IOP was observed at 6 hours after 80 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> medetomidine compared with values at 0.25 and 0.50 hours, although there were no significant changes in IOP from baseline. In dogs treated with 8.0 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> xylazine, significant reductions in IOP were observed at 4 and 5 hours compared with that at 0.25 hours after administration. In dogs treated with 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> medetomidine and 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> xylazine, there were no significant changes in IOP. Pupil size did not change significantly after any of the medetomidine or xylazine treatments compared with the baseline value.</p> </sec> <sec id="vaa12249-sec-0006" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions and clinical relevance</title> <p>Low or moderate doses of medetomidine or xylazine did not induce significant changes in IOP or pupil size. In contrast, high doses of medetomidine or xylazine induced significant changes up to 8 hours after treatment, but values remained within the normal canine physiological range. The results of this study suggest a lack of significant change in IOP and pupil size in healthy dogs administered low or moderate doses of xylazine or medetomidine.</p> </sec> </abstract>