Can a few non‐coding mutations make a human brain?. (25th August 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Franchini, Lucía F.; Pollard, Katherine S.
• Is Part Of: BioEssays. Volume 37:Number 10(2015:Oct.)
• Page Start: 1054
• Page End: 1061
• Publication Date: 2015-08-25
• Subjects: Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Periodicals; Developmental biology -- Periodicals; 572.8
• DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500049
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0265-9247

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" xml:lang="en"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="bies201500049-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <p>The recent finding that the human version of a neurodevelopmental enhancer of the <italic>Wnt</italic> receptor <italic>Frizzled 8</italic> (<italic>FZD8</italic>) gene alters neural progenitor cell cycle timing and brain size is a step forward to understanding human brain evolution. The human brain is distinctive in terms of its cognitive abilities as well as its susceptibility to neurological disease. Identifying which of the millions of genomic changes that occurred during human evolution led to these and other uniquely human traits is extremely challenging. Recent studies have demonstrated that many of the fastest evolving regions of the human genome function as gene regulatory enhancers during embryonic development and that the human‐specific mutations in them might alter expression patterns. However, elucidating molecular and cellular effects of sequence or expression pattern changes is a major obstacle to discovering the genetic bases of the evolution of our species. There is much work to do before human‐specific genetic and genomic changes are linked to complex human traits.</p> <p>Also watch the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://youtu.be/Eo7XEVEQDTY" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Video Abstract</ext-link>.</p> </sec> </abstract>