Inhibition of Osteoclast Differentiation by Ginsenoside Rg3 in RAW264.7 Cells via RANKL, JNK and p38 MAPK Pathways Through a Modulation of Cathepsin K: An In Silico and In Vitro Study. (8th June 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Siddiqi, Muhammad Hanif; Siddiqi, Muhammad Zubair; Kang, Sera; Noh, Hae Yong; Ahn, Sungeun; Simu, Shakina Yesmin; Aziz, Mohamed Antar; Sathishkumar, Natarajan; Jiménez Pérez, Zuly Elizabeth; Yang, Deok‐Chun
• Is Part Of: Phytotherapy research. Volume 29:Number 9(2015:Sep.)
• Page Start: 1286
• Page End: 1294
• Publication Date: 2015-06-08
• Subjects: Materia medica, Vegetable -- Periodicals; Botany, Medical -- Periodicals; Medicinal plants -- Periodicals; Plant Extracts -- therapeutic use -- Periodicals; Plants, Medicinal -- Periodicals; 581.634
• DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5374
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0951-418X

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <p>Various studies have demonstrated that overexpression of cathepsin K (Cat‐K) causes excessive bone loss, which ultimately leads to a variety of bone diseases including osteoporosis. Therefore, inhibition of Cat‐K signifies a potential therapeutic target in osteoporosis treatment. Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the most promising compound of <italic>Panax ginseng</italic> Meyer (<italic>P. ginseng</italic>) with numerous biological activities. Thus, in recent study the inhibitory effect of Rg3 isolated from <italic>P. ginseng</italic> was investigated in order to impede the osteoclast activity by an <italic>in silico</italic> approach followed by <italic>in vitro</italic> study validation using RAW264.7 cells through the investigation of different biological activity prediction such as absorption distribution metabolism and excretion (ADMET) properties against Cat‐K protein. The docking results of our study showed that Rg3 is a non‐toxic compound and may act as a drug‐like molecule. Additionally, the molecular interaction of Rg3 with the active residues of Cat‐K markedly describes its inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis. Findings of the present study exhibited that Rg3 significantly reduced receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)‐induced tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, pit formation (actin rings), and TRAP‐positive multinucleated cells development in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, Rg3 dose‐dependently reduced the mRNA expression levels of osteoclast‐specific markers such as RANK, TRAP, and Cat‐K induced by RANKL through the down regulation of p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathways. In conclusion, <italic>in silico</italic> docking study and <italic>in vitro</italic> validation together suggested that Rg3 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and reduces bone resorption through the inhibition of Cat‐K. Therefore, Rg3 might be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis and proper bone formation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p> </abstract>