Effects of aphid feeding and associated virus injury on grain crops in Australia. Issue 3 (30th September 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Valenzuela, Isabel; Hoffmann, Ary A
• Is Part Of: Austral entomology. Volume 54:Issue 3(2015)
• Page Start: 292
• Page End: 305
• Publication Date: 2014-09-30
• Subjects: Entomology -- Southern Hemisphere -- Periodicals; 595.705
• DOI: 10.1111/aen.12122
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2052-174X

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title>Abstract</title> <p>We review yield effects caused by aphid feeding and associated virus injury to cereal, oilseed and pulse crops, and estimate the potential economic loss caused by aphids in Australia. Potential yield reduction due to aphids was determined through a survey of quantitative data from experiments that assessed aphids' effect on grain yield. In cereals, four aphids caused damage; on barley, feeding injury caused by <italic>R</italic><italic>hopalosiphum padi</italic> + <italic>R</italic><italic>hopalosiphum maidis</italic> was most damaging in terms of yield reduction (25.5%) with an economic loss of $19/ha. Barley yellow dwarf virus transmitted by <italic>R</italic><italic>. padi</italic> + <italic>S</italic><italic>itobion miscanthi</italic> was more damaging than direct feeding, causing a yield reduction of 39% and economic loss of $21/ha for wheat. On canola, beet western yellow virus transmitted by <italic>M</italic><italic>yzus persicae</italic> caused the highest yield reduction of 34% and economic loss of $115/ha, although this was measured through artificial inoculations. Feeding injury was high in <italic>B</italic><italic>revicoryne brassicae</italic> which caused an average yield reduction of 34% and associated economic loss of $88.5/ha, while <italic>L</italic><italic>ipaphis erysimi</italic> and <italic>M</italic><italic>. persicae</italic> had negligible economic effects but more data are needed. On pulses, the most economically damaging (unidentified) aphids feeding on lupins caused a yield reduction of 43% and economic loss of $24/ha. The aphids <italic>M</italic><italic>. persicae</italic> + <italic>A</italic><italic>phis craccivora</italic> + <italic>A</italic><italic>cyrthosiphon kondoi</italic> reduced lupin yields by 13% and economic returns by $7.40/ha. On field peas, a 14% reduction in yield was caused by transmitted viruses such as pea seed‐borne mosaic virus which caused economic losses of $20.50/ha. In total, feeding and virus injuries resulted in potential economic costs of $241 and $482 million/year, respectively. Although this review provides estimates of potential yield and economic losses due to aphids, few data were available for some crops, aphid species or regions (e.g. oats). Nevertheless, economic costs associated with aphids appear substantial.</p> </abstract>