Systematic review with meta‐analysis: coffee consumption and the risk of gallstone disease. Issue 6 (22nd July 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhang, Y.‐P.; Li, W.‐Q.; Sun, Y.‐L.; Zhu, R.‐T.; Wang, W.‐J.
• Is Part Of: Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. Volume 42:Issue 6(2015)
• Page Start: 637
• Page End: 648
• Publication Date: 2015-07-22
• Subjects: Digestive organs -- Diseases -- Treatment -- Periodicals; Digestive organs -- Effect of drugs on -- Periodicals; Gastrointestinal system -- Diseases -- Treatment -- Periodicals; Gastrointestinal system -- Effect of drugs on -- Periodicals; 615.73
• DOI: 10.1111/apt.13328
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-2813

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="apt13328-abs-0001"> <title>Summary</title> <sec id="apt13328-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Background</title> <p>Epidemiologic evidence on coffee consumption reducing the risk of gallstone disease has been contradictory.</p> </sec> <sec id="apt13328-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Aim</title> <p>To perform a meta‐analysis of observational studies, to investigate an association and dose–response of coffee consumption with gallstone disease.</p> </sec> <sec id="apt13328-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>We used PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify all published studies before June 2015. A random‐effects model was used to compute a pooled relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p> </sec> <sec id="apt13328-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>One case–control study and five prospective cohort studies (with seven cohorts) involving 227 749 participants and 11 477 gallstone disease cases were included. Coffee consumption was significantly associated with a reduced risk of gallstone disease (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.89; <italic>I</italic><sup>2</sup> = 35.9%), based on prospective studies; specifically, we observed an inverse relation in females, but not in males. The case–control study did not reveal any association between coffee and gallstone disease (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.53). In a dose–response analysis, the RR of gallstone disease was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.00; <italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.049) per 1 cup/day of coffee consumption. A significant nonlinear dose–response association was also identified (<italic>P</italic> for nonlinearity = 0.0106). For people who drank 2, 4 and 6 cups of coffee per day, the estimated RRs of gallstone disease were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.99), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.92) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.88), respectively, compared with the lowest level drinkers.</p> </sec> <sec id="apt13328-sec-0005" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>This study suggests that coffee consumption is related to a significantly decreased risk of gallstone disease.</p> </sec> </abstract>