Microperforations Significantly Enhance Diffusion Across Round Window Membrane. Issue 4 (April 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kelso, Catherine M.; Watanabe, Hirobumi; Wazen, Joseph M.; Bucher, Tizian; Qian, Zhen J.; Olson, Elizabeth S.; Kysar, Jeffrey W.; Lalwani, Anil K.
• Is Part Of: Otology & neurotology. Volume 36:Issue 4(2015)
• Publication Date: 2015-04
• Subjects: Otology -- Periodicals; Ear -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Skull base -- Surgery -- Periodicals; 617.8005
• DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000629
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1531-7129

Abstract

<abstract> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec> <title>Hypothesis</title> <p>Introduction of microperforations in round window membrane (RWM) will allow reliable and predictable intracochlear delivery of pharmaceutical, molecular, or cellular therapeutic agents.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Background</title> <p>Reliable delivery of medications into the inner ear remains a formidable challenge. The RWM is an attractive target for intracochlear delivery. However, simple diffusion across intact RWM is limited by what material can be delivered, size of material to be delivered, difficulty with precise dosing, timing, and precision of delivery over time. Further, absence of reliable methods for measuring diffusion across RWM in vitro is a significant experimental impediment.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A novel model for measuring diffusion across guinea pig RWM, with and without microperforation, was developed and tested: cochleae, sparing the RWM, were embedded in 3D-printed acrylic holders using hybrid dental composite and light cured to adapt the round window niche to 3 ml Franz diffusion cells. Perforations were created with 12.5-μm-diameter needles and examined with light microscopy. Diffusion of 1 mM Rhodamine B across RWM in static diffusion cells was measured via fluorescence microscopy.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The diffusion cell apparatus provided reliable and replicable measurements of diffusion across RWM. The permeability of Rhodamine B across intact RWM was 5.1 × 10<sup>−9</sup> m/s. Manual application of microperforation with a 12.5-μm-diameter tip produced an elliptical tear removing 0.22 ± 0.07% of the membrane and was associated with a 35× enhancement in diffusion (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05).</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Diffusion cells can be applied to the study of RWM permeability in vitro. Microperforation in RWM is an effective means of increasing diffusion across the RWM.</p> </sec> </abstract>