Epidemiology and Virology of Acute Respiratory Infections During the First Year of Life. Issue 4 (April 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Anders, Katherine L.; Nguyen, Hoa L.; Nguyen, Nguyet Minh; Van Thuy, Nguyen Thi; Hong Van, Nguyen Thi; Hieu, Nguyen Trong; Hong Tham, Nguyen Thi; Thanh Ha, Phan Thi; Lien, Le Bich; Vinh Chau, Nguyen Van; Ty Hang, Vu Thi; van Doorn, H. Rogier; Simmons, Cameron P.
• Is Part Of: Pediatric infectious disease journal. Volume 34:Issue 4(2015)
• Publication Date: 2015-04
• Subjects: Communicable diseases in children -- Periodicals; Infection in children -- Periodicals; 618.929
• DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000643
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0891-3668

Abstract

<abstract> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec> <title>Background:</title> <p>Understanding viral etiology and age-specific incidence of acute respiratory infections in infants can help identify risk groups and inform vaccine delivery, but community-based data is lacking from tropical settings.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Methods:</title> <p>One thousand four hundred and seventy-eight infants in urban Ho Chi Minh City and 981 infants in a semi-rural district in southern Vietnam were enrolled at birth and followed to 1 year of age. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) episodes were identified through clinic-based illness surveillance, hospital admissions and self-reports. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from infants with respiratory symptoms and tested for 14 respiratory pathogens using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Results:</title> <p>Estimated incidence of ARI was 542 and 2691 per 1000 infant-years, and hospitalization rates for ARI were 81 and 138 per 1000 infant-years, in urban and semi-rural cohorts, respectively, from clinic- and hospital-based surveillance. However self-reported ARI episodes were just 1.5-fold higher in the semi-rural versus urban cohort, indicating that part of the urban–rural difference was explained by under-ascertainment in the urban cohort. Incidence was higher in infants ≥6 months of age than <6 months, but this was pathogen-specific. One or more viruses were detected in 53% (urban) and 64% (semi-rural) of samples from outpatients with ARI and in 78% and 66% of samples from hospitalized ARI patients, respectively. The most frequently detected viruses were rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus A and bocavirus. ARI-associated hospitalizations were associated with longer stays and more frequent ICU admission than other infections.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Conclusions:</title> <p>ARI is a significant cause of morbidity in Vietnamese infants and influenza virus A is an under-appreciated cause of vaccine-preventable disease and hospitalizations in this tropical setting. Public health strategies to reduce infant ARI incidence and hospitalization rates are needed.</p> </sec> </abstract>