Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Markers of Inflammation, Coagulation, and Endothelial Activation. Issue 3 (May 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hajat, Anjum; Allison, Matthew; Diez-Roux, Ana V.; Jenny, Nancy Swords; Jorgensen, Neal W.; Szpiro, Adam A.; Vedal, Sverre; Kaufman, Joel D.
• Is Part Of: Epidemiology. Volume 26:Issue 3(2015:May)
• Publication Date: 2015-05
• Subjects: Epidemiology -- Periodicals; Epidemiology -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Epidemiology -- Periodicals; 614.405
• DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000267
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1044-3983

Abstract

<abstract> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec> <title>Background:</title> <p>Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular disease, and systemic inflammation may mediate this effect. We assessed associations between long- and short-term concentrations of air pollution and markers of inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial activation.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Methods:</title> <p>We studied participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis from 2000 to 2012 with repeat measures of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, D-dimer, soluble E-selectin, and soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1. Annual average concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), individual-level ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> (integrating indoor concentrations and time–location data), oxides of nitrogen (NO<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), and black carbon were evaluated. Short-term concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> reflected the day of blood draw, day prior, and averages of prior 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-day periods. Random-effects models were used for long-term exposures and fixed effects for short-term exposures. The sample size was between 9, 000 and 10, 000 observations for CRP, IL-6, fibrinogen, and D-dimer; approximately 2, 100 for E-selectin; and 3, 300 for soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Results:</title> <p>After controlling for confounders, 5 µg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in long-term ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> was associated with 6% higher IL-6 (95% confidence interval = 2%, 9%), and 40 parts per billion increase in long-term NO<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> was associated with 7% (95% confidence interval = 2%, 13%) higher level of D-dimer. PM<sub>2.5</sub> measured at day of blood draw was associated with CRP, fibrinogen, and E-selectin. There were no other positive associations between blood markers and short- or long-term air pollution.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Conclusions:</title> <p>These data are consistent with the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollution is related to some markers of inflammation and fibrinolysis.</p> </sec> </abstract>