Do split paediatric forearm POP casts need to be completed? A biomechanical study. Issue 7 (July 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Patel, Nimesh; Wilson, Lance; Wansbrough, Guy
• Is Part Of: Injury. Volume 46:Issue 7(2015)
• Page Start: 1231
• Page End: 1237
• Publication Date: 2015-07
• Subjects: Wounds and injuries -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Accidents -- Periodicals; Wounds and Injuries -- surgery -- Periodicals; Lésions et blessures -- Chirurgie -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; Electronic journals; 617.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.04.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0020-1383

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="author" id="abs0005"> <title id="sect0005">Abstract</title> <sec> <title id="sect0010">Introduction</title> <p id="spar0005">Displaced paediatric forearm fractures are most often treated by manipulation under anaesthetic, followed by the application of a circumferential Plaster of Paris (POP) splint. Some surgeons choose to split the cast in order to facilitate immediate "spreading" with minimal distress to the patient, should the distal limb become compromised. Usually however, this does not occur, and the cast is completed at a later visit to the plaster room. Time, money and inconvenience could be saved if this modification was not necessary, and the final plaster would be lighter.</p> </sec> <sec> <title id="sect0015">Objective</title> <p id="spar0010">To establish whether the mechanical properties of a split POP are sufficient to stabilise a forearm fracture, and protect the patient from further injury.</p> </sec> <sec> <title id="sect0020">Materials and methods</title> <p id="spar0015">The repeatability of all tests was established on control samples before undertaking the trial.</p> <p id="spar0020">42 standardised 8 layer POP cylinders of appropriate dimensions were fabricated, of which 21 were split longitudinally. The splints were subjected to non-destructive tests in 4-point bending (Bending), 3-Point Kinking (kinking) and torsion modes, and the load at clinically relevant end-points was recorded. These simulated the deformity at which the splint no longer provided adequate stability and alignment, or at which the wearer was no longer protected. The splints were then loaded to destruction to establish the mode of ultimate failure.</p> </sec> <sec> <title id="sect0025">Results</title> <p id="spar0025">The mean loads at the clinical end points for split POP splints were: 1375 N in Bending, 544 N in Kinking and 12 Nm in Torsion (equalling 67.3%, 70.4% and 47.4% of the equivalent values for a circumferential splints). Loads were in excess of body weight for most paediatric patients. After ultimate failure, the proportion of casts that became unstable was similar (44% of full casts and 50% of split casts).</p> </sec> <sec> <title id="sect0030">Conclusion</title> <p id="spar0030">Split POP splints which have not been spread, provide adequate stabilisation and protection of paediatric forearm fractures, and do not routinely require completion.</p> </sec> </abstract>