Accessory Atrioventricular Pathways Refractory to Catheter Ablation. (February 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Scanavacca, Maurício Ibrahim; Sternick, Eduardo Back; Pisani, Cristiano; Lara, Sissy; Hardy, Carina; d'Ávila, André; Correa, Frederico Soares; Darrieux, Francisco; Hachul, Denise; Marcial, Miguel Barbero; Sosa, Eduardo A.
• Is Part Of: Circulation. Volume 8:Number 1(2015)
• Publication Date: 2015-02
• Subjects: Arrhythmia -- Periodicals; Heart -- Electric properties -- Periodicals; 616.128
• DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.114.002373
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1941-3149

Abstract

<abstract> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec> <title>Background—</title> <p>Epicardial mapping and ablation of accessory pathways through a subxiphoid approach can be an alternative when endocardial or epicardial transvenous mapping has failed.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Methods and Results—</title> <p>We reviewed acute and long-term follow-up of 21 patients (14 males) referred for percutaneous epicardial accessory pathway ablation. There was a median of 2 previous failed procedures. All patients were highly symptomatic, 8 had atrial fibrillation (3 with cardiac arrest) and 13 had frequent symptomatic episodes of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. Six patients (28.5%) had a successful epicardial ablation. Five patients (23.8%) underwent a successful repeated endocardial mapping, and ablation after epicardial mapping yielded no early activation site. Epicardial mapping was helpful in guiding endocardial ablation in 2 patients (9.5%), showing that the earliest activation was simultaneous at the epicardium and endocardium. Four patients (19%) underwent successful open-chest surgery after failing epicardial/endocardial ablation. Two patients (9.5%) remained controlled under antiarrhythmic drugs after unsuccessful endocardial/epicardial ablation. Two patients had a coronary sinus diverticulum and one a right atrium to right ventricle diverticulum. Three patients acquired postablation coronary sinus stenosis. There was no major complication related to pericardial access.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Conclusions—</title> <p>Percutaneous epicardial approach is an alternative when conventional endocardial or transvenous epicardial ablation fails in the elimination of the accessory pathway. A new attempt by endocardial approach was successful in a significant number of patients. Open-chest surgery may be required in symptomatic cases refractory to endocardial–epicardial approach.</p> </sec> </abstract>