Cytotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to mussel hemocytes and gill cells in vitro: Influence of synthesis method, crystalline structure, size and additive. Issue 5 (August 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Katsumiti, Alberto; Berhanu, Deborah; Howard, Kieren T.; Arostegui, Inmaculada; Oron, Miriam; Reip, Paul; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia; Cajaraville, Miren P.
• Is Part Of: Nanotoxicology. Volume 9:Issue 5(2015:Aug.)
• Page Start: 543
• Page End: 553
• Publication Date: 2015-08
• Subjects: Toxicology -- Periodicals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.952362
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1743-5390

Abstract

<abstract> <title>Abstract</title> <p>Increasing the production and applications of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) has led to grow concerns about the consequences for the environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of a set of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs on the viability of mussel hemocytes and gill cells using neutral red and thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide assays. For this, we compared the cytotoxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs (0.1–100 mg Ti/L) produced by different techniques: rutile NPs (60 nm) produced by milling and containing disodium laureth sulfosuccinate (DSLS), rutile NPs (10, 40 and 60 nm) produced by wet chemistry and anatase/rutile NPs (∼100 nm) produced by plasma synthesis. The commercially available P25 anatase/rutile NPs (10–20 nm) were also tested. Exposures were performed in parallel with their respective bulk forms and the cytotoxicity of the additive DSLS was also tested. Z potential values in distilled water indicated different stabilities depending on the NP type and all NPs tested formed agglomerates/aggregates in cell culture media. In general, TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs showed a relatively low and dose-dependent toxicity for both cell models with the two assays tested. NPs produced by milling showed the highest effects, probably due to the toxicity of DSLS. Size-dependent toxicity was found for NPs produced by wet chemistry (10 nm > 40 nm and 60 nm). All TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs tested were more toxic than bulk forms excepting for plasma produced ones, which were the least toxic TiO<sub>2</sub> tested. The mixture bulk anatase/rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> was more toxic than bulk rutile TiO<sub>2</sub>. In conclusion, the toxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs varied with the mode of synthesis, crystalline structure and size of NPs and can also be influenced by the presence of additives in the suspensions.</p> </abstract>