Development of novel self-healing and antibacterial dental composite containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Issue 3 (March 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wu, Junling; Weir, Michael D.; Melo, Mary Anne S.; Xu, Hockin H.K.
• Is Part Of: Journal of dentistry. Volume 43:Issue 3(2015:Mar.)
• Page Start: 317
• Page End: 326
• Publication Date: 2015-03
• Subjects: Dentistry -- Periodicals; Dentistry -- Periodicals; Dentisterie -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 617.6005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.01.009
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0300-5712

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="author" id="abs0005"> <title id="sect0005">Abstract</title> <sec> <title id="sect0010">Objectives</title> <p id="spar0005">Fracture and secondary caries are the primary reasons for dental restoration failure. The objective of this study was to develop a self-healing composite to heal cracks, while containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) for antibacterial function and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) for remineralization.</p> </sec> <sec> <title id="sect0015">Methods</title> <p id="spar0010">Microcapsules were synthesized with poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) shells containing triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and <italic>N, N</italic>-dihydroxyethyl-<italic>p</italic>-toluidine (DHEPT) as healing liquid. Composite contained 20 mass% of NACP and 35% glass fillers. In addition, composite contained 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% of microcapsules. A single edge V-notched beam method measured fracture toughness (<italic>K</italic><sub>IC</sub>) and self-healing efficiency. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to test the antibacterial properties.</p> </sec> <sec> <title id="sect0020">Results</title> <p id="spar0015">Incorporation of microcapsules up to 7.5% into the composite did not adversely affect the mechanical properties (<italic>p</italic> > 0.1). Successful self-healing was achieved, with <italic>K</italic><sub>IC</sub> recovery of 65–81% (mean ± sd; <italic>n</italic> = 6) to regain the load-bearing capability after composite fracture. The self-healing DMAHDM-NACP composite displayed a strong antibacterial potency, inhibiting biofilm viability and lactic acid production, and reducing colony-forming units by 3–4 orders of magnitude, compared to control composite without DMAHDM.</p> </sec> <sec> <title id="sect0025">Conclusions</title> <p id="spar0020">A dental composite was developed with triple benefits of self-healing after fracture, antibacterial activity, and remineralization capability for the first time.</p> </sec> <sec> <title id="sect0030">Clinical significance</title> <p id="spar0025">The self-healing, antibacterial and remineralizing composite may be promising for tooth cavity restorations to combat bulk fracture and secondary caries. The method of using triple agents (self-healing microcapsules, DMAHDM, and NACP) may have wide applicability to other dental composites, adhesives, sealants and cements.</p> </sec> </abstract>