Exercise modality effect on oxygen uptake off‐transient kinetics at maximal oxygen uptake intensity. Issue 6 (20th May 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sousa, Ana; Rodríguez, Ferran A.; Machado, Leandro; Vilas‐Boas, J. Paulo; Fernandes, Ricardo J.
• Is Part Of: Experimental physiology. Volume 100:Issue 6(2015:Jun.)
• Page Start: 719
• Page End: 729
• Publication Date: 2015-05-20
• Subjects: Physiology, Experimental -- Periodicals; 571.0724
• DOI: 10.1113/EP085014
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0958-0670

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="eph1629-sec-0010" sec-type="section"> <title>New Findings</title> <p> <list id="eph1629-list-0001" list-type="bullet"> <list-item> <p> <bold>What is the central question of this study?</bold> </p> <p>Do the mechanical differences between swimming, rowing, running and cycling have a potential effect on the oxygen uptake (<inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp8bg" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0001" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula>) off‐kinetics after an exercise sustained until exhaustion at 100% of maximal oxygen uptake (<inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp88f" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0002" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula>) intensity?</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p> <bold>What is the main finding and its importance?</bold> </p> <p>The mechanical differences between exercise modes had a potential effect and contributed to distinct amplitude of the fast component (higher in running compared with cycling) and time constant (higher in swimming compared with rowing and cycling) in the <inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp83v" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0003" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula> off‐kinetic patterns at 100% of <inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp7m4" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0004" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula> intensity. This suggests that swimmers, unlike rowers and cyclists, would benefit more from a longer duration of training intervals after each set of exercise performed at <inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp7j3" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0005" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula> intensity.</p> </list-item> </list> </p> </sec> <sec id="eph1629-sec-0020" sec-type="section"> <p>The kinetics of oxygen uptake (<inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp7hk" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0006" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula>) during recovery (off‐transient kinetics) for different exercise modes is largely unexplored, hampering the prescription of training and recovery to enhance performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the <inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp7ch" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0007" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula> off‐transient kinetics response between swimmers, rowers, runners and cyclists during their specific mode of exercise at 100% of maximal oxygen uptake (<inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp7qp" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0008" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula>) intensity and to examine the on–off symmetry. Groups of swimmers, rowers, runners and cyclists (<italic>n</italic> = 8 per group) performed (i) an incremental exercise protocol to assess the velocity or power associated with <inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp7nn" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0009" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp95c" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0010" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula> or <inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp9fh" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0011" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>w</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula>, respectively) and (ii) a square‐wave exercise transition from rest to <inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp99f" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0012" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mphantom><mml:mpadded width="0pt"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>w</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mpadded></mml:mphantom></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>w</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula> until volitional exhaustion. Pulmonary exchange parameters were measured using a telemetric portable gas analyser (K4b<sup>2</sup>; Cosmed, Rome, Italy), and the on‐ and off‐transient kinetics were analysed through a double‐exponential approach. For all exercise modes, both transient periods were symmetrical in shape once they had both been adequately fitted by a double‐exponential model. However, differences were found in the off‐kinetic parameters between exercise modes; the amplitude of the fast component of the <inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp9m3" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0013" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula> off‐response was higher in running compared with cycling (48 ± 5 and 36 ± 7 ml kg<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively; <italic>P</italic> < 0.001), and the time constant of the same phase was higher in swimming compared with rowing and cycling (63 ± 5, 56 ± 5 and 55 ± 3 s, respectively; <italic>P</italic> < 0.001). Although both phases were well described by a double‐exponential model, the differences between exercise modes had a potential effect and contributed to distinct <inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp9hj" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0014" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula> off‐transient kinetic patterns at 100% of <inline-formula><alternatives><inline-graphic mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjrmmp90s" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /><mml:math display="inline" altimg="urn:x-wiley:09580670:media:eph1629:eph1629-math-0015" overflow="scroll" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>̇</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math></alternatives></inline-formula> intensity.</p> </sec> </abstract>