Hyperglycemia in emergency patients – prevalence and consequences. (June 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zelihic, Edin; Poneleit, Boris; Siegmund, Thorsten; Haller, Bernhard; Sayk, Friedhelm; Dodt, Christoph
• Is Part Of: European journal of emergency medicine. Volume 22:Number 3(2015)
• Publication Date: 2015-06
• Subjects: Emergency medicine -- Europe -- Periodicals; Medical emergencies -- Europe -- Periodicals; Emergency medical services -- Europe -- Periodicals; Emergencies -- Europe -- Periodicals; Emergency Medical Services -- Europe -- Periodicals; Emergency Medicine -- Europe -- periodicals; 616.025
• DOI: 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000199
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0969-9546

Abstract

<abstract> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec> <title>Background</title> <p>Hyperglycemia is a common finding in emergency department (ED) patients, but its general relevance for the further clinical course has not been determined as yet.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>To examine the prevalence of hyperglycemia, its consequence on in-hospital outcome in emergency patients as well as ED hyperglycemia management.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Materials and methods</title> <p>Blood glucose levels (BGL) were routinely measured in every hospitalized ED patient. Hyperglycemia was defined as BGL of at least 140 mg/dl at arrival to the ED. According to the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association, patients were divided into three groups: normoglycemia: 60–140 mg/dl, hyperglycemia with a need for follow-up: 140–179 mg/dl, and hyperglycemia with the need for intervention (HGI): at least 180 mg/dl. Multiple regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate the association between BGL elevation and mortality and length of hospital stay.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The prevalence of hyperglycemia was high (<italic>n</italic>=849, 21%), with 400 patients presenting HGI (47% of patients in the hyperglycemic group). The in-hospital mortality rate was higher in both hyperglycemic groups combined [odds ratio (OR) 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–2.77], with the highest OR in patients presenting HGI (OR 2.32; 95% CI: 1.43–3.23). Patients with hyperglycemia showed an increased length of hospital stay [estimated mean +1.67 days (95% CI: 1.02–2.33)] as well as an increased risk for ICU admission (OR 1.73; 95% CI: 1.33–2.25). Analysis of ED hyperglycemia management showed low rates of insulin treatment (14% of HGI group) and a lack of hyperglycemia communication in ED-referral letters.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>ED hyperglycemia was found to be a strong predictor of in-hospital outcome, whereas responding ED management was inadequate. Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether systematic ED hyperglycemia management could improve outcomes.</p> </sec> </abstract>