<abstract abstract-type="toc"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <p> <graphic position="anchor" id="ga" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgjn2mwj8w" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />PL, AS and DLCP have been performed to study the limitation factors for the performance of CZTS solar cells.</p> </abstract>