Characterization of HIV drug resistance mutations among patients failing first‐line antiretroviral therapy from a tertiary referral center in Lusaka, Zambia. Issue 7 (5th March 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Seu, Lillian; Mulenga, Lloyd B.; Siwingwa, Mpanji; Sikazwe, Izukanji; Lambwe, Nason; Guffey, M. Bradford; Chi, Benjamin H.
• Is Part Of: Journal of medical virology. Volume 87:Issue 7(2015:Jul.)
• Page Start: 1149
• Page End: 1157
• Publication Date: 2015-03-05
• Subjects: Virology -- Periodicals; 616
• DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24162
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0146-6615

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" xml:lang="en"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="jmv24162-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <p>In settings of resource constraint, an understanding of HIV drug resistance can guide antiretroviral therapy (ART) at switch to second‐line therapy. To determine the prevalence of such HIV drug resistance mutations (HIV DRM), we used an in‐house sequencing assay in the <italic>pol</italic> gene (protease and partial reverse transcriptase) in a cohort of patients suspected of failing a first‐line regimen, which in Zambia comprises two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and one non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). Our analysis cohort (n = 68) was referred to the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka from November 2009 to October 2012. Median duration on first‐line ART to suspected treatment failure was 3.2 years (IQR 1.7–4.7 years). The majority of patients (95%) harbored HIV‐1 subtype C virus. Analysis of reverse transcriptase revealed M184V (88%), K103N/S (32%), and Y181C/I/V (41%) DRMs, with the latter conferring reduced susceptibility to the salvage therapy candidates etravirine and rilpivirine. Three patients (5%) had major protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations: all three had the V82A mutation, and one patient (Clade J virus) had a concurrent M46I, Q58E, and L76V DRM. HIV‐1 genotyping revealed major and minor DRMs as well as high levels of polymorphisms in subtype C isolates from patients failing first‐line antiretroviral therapy. Closer monitoring of DRM mutations at first‐line failure can inform clinicians about future options for salvage therapy. <bold><italic>J. Med. Virol. 87:1149–1157, 2015</italic>.</bold> © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </sec> </abstract>