Dietary patterns, cardiometabolic risk factors, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in severe obesity. (10th April 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Johns, David J.; Lindroos, Anna‐Karin; Jebb, Susan A.; Sjöström, Lars; Carlsson, Lena M. S.; Ambrosini, Gina L.
• Is Part Of: Obesity. Volume 23:Number 5(2015:May)
• Page Start: 1063
• Page End: 1070
• Publication Date: 2015-04-10
• Subjects: Obesity -- Periodicals; 616.398005
• DOI: 10.1002/oby.20920
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1930-7381

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="oby20920-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Objective</title> <p>The longitudinal associations between a dietary pattern (DP) and cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence were investigated in a cohort of adults with severe obesity.</p> </sec> <sec id="oby20920-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>The analysis included 2, 037 individuals with severe obesity (>34 and >38 kg/m<sup>2</sup> for men and women, respectively) from the Swedish Obese Subjects study repeatedly followed up for 10 years. Reduced rank regression was used to identify a DP characterized by dietary energy density, saturated fat intake, and fiber density. Mixed models examined relationships between repeated measures of DP <italic>z</italic>‐scores and cardiometabolic risk factors. Cox proportional hazards models assessed relationships between DP scores and CVD incidence.</p> </sec> <sec id="oby20920-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>An energy‐dense, high‐saturated‐fat, and low‐fiber DP was derived. A one‐unit increase in the DP <italic>z</italic>‐score between follow‐ups was associated with an increase in weight [<italic>β</italic> (SE)] (1.71 ± 0.10 kg), waist circumference (1.49 ± 0.07 cm), BMI (0.60 ± 0.34 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), serum cholesterol (0.06 ± 0.01 mmol/l), and serum insulin (1.22 ± 0.17 mmol/l; all <italic>P</italic> < 0.0001), as well as in serum triglycerides (0.05 ± 0.02 mmol/l; <italic>P</italic> < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (1.05 ± 0.27 mmHg; <italic>P</italic> < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (0.55 ± 0.16 mmHg; <italic>P</italic> < 0.05). No significant association was observed between repeated measures of the DP <italic>z</italic>‐scores and CVD incidence (HR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.83‐1.12).</p> </sec> <sec id="oby20920-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>An energy‐dense, high‐saturated‐fat, and low‐fiber DP was longitudinally associated with increases in cardiometabolic risk factors in severe obesity but not with CVD incidence.</p> </sec> </abstract>