Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Properties of the Citrus Flavonoids Hesperidin and Hesperetin: An Updated Review of their Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Models. (13th November 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Parhiz, Hamideh; Roohbakhsh, Ali; Soltani, Fatemeh; Rezaee, Ramin; Iranshahi, Mehrdad
• Is Part Of: Phytotherapy research. Volume 29:Number 3(2015:Mar.)
• Page Start: 323
• Page End: 331
• Publication Date: 2014-11-13
• Subjects: Materia medica, Vegetable -- Periodicals; Botany, Medical -- Periodicals; Medicinal plants -- Periodicals; Plant Extracts -- therapeutic use -- Periodicals; Plants, Medicinal -- Periodicals; 581.634
• DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5256
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0951-418X

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <p>Inflammation and oxidative stress are two major causes of various life‐threatening diseases. Hesperidin (Hsd) and its aglycone, hesperetin (Hst), are two flavonoids from citrus species that have numerous biological properties, particularly antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory. New findings showed that the antioxidant activity of Hsd/Hst was not only limited to its radical scavenging activity, but it augmented the antioxidant cellular defenses via the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway as well. Various <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> studies have been conducted to evaluate Hsd, its metabolites, or its synthetic derivatives at reducing inflammatory targets including NF‐κB, iNOS, and COX‐2, and the markers of chronic inflammation. In this review, new findings regarding the molecular targets of Hsd and Hst in the reduction of oxidative stress are discussed. Also, in the anti‐inflammatory section, we provide a summary of significant investigations concerning the mechanisms of action based on the studied inflammation models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p> </abstract>