Defining a pro‐inflammatory neutrophil phenotype in response to schistosome eggs. (25th June 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chuah, Candy; Jones, Malcolm K.; Burke, Melissa L.; McManus, Donald P.; Owen, Helen C.; Gobert, Geoffrey N.
• Is Part Of: Cellular microbiology. Volume 16:Number 11(2014:Nov.)
• Page Start: 1666
• Page End: 1677
• Publication Date: 2014-06-25
• Subjects: Microbiology -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Periodicals; Host-parasite relationships -- Periodicals; Microbiology -- Periodicals; Cells -- Periodicals; Microbiologie -- Périodiques; Microbiologie; Relation hôte-parasite; Cytologie; Cellule; Réponse cellulaire; Ressource Internet (Descripteur de forme); Périodique électronique (Descripteur de forme); 579.05
• DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12316
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1462-5814

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title>Summary</title> <p>Neutrophils contribute to the pathological processes of a number of inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis and cystic fibrosis. Neutrophils also play prominent roles in schistosomiasis japonica liver fibrosis, being central mediators of inflammation following granuloma formation. In this study, we investigated the interaction between <italic>S</italic><italic>chistosoma japonicum</italic> eggs and neutrophils, and the effect of eggs on the inflammatory phenotype of neutrophils. Our results showed significant upregulated expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐8) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL2) in neutrophils after 4 h <italic>in vitro</italic> stimulation with <italic>S. japonicum</italic> eggs. Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA was released by stimulated neutrophils, and induced the production of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9), a protease involved in inflammation and associated tissue destruction. We also found that intact live eggs and isolated soluble egg antigen (SEA) triggered the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), but, unlike those reported in bacterial or fungal infection, NETs did not kill schistosome eggs <italic>in vitro</italic>. Together these show that <italic>S</italic><italic>. japonicum</italic> eggs can induce the inflammatory phenotype of neutrophils, and further our understanding of the host–parasite interplay that takes place within the <italic>in vivo</italic> microenvironment of schistosome‐induced granuloma. These findings represent novel findings in a metazoan parasite, and confirm characteristics of NETs that have until now, only been observed in response to protozoan pathogens.</p> </abstract>