Imported Plasmodium vivax Malaria ex Pakistan. Issue 5 (3rd June 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Odolini, Silvia; Gautret, Philippe; Kain, Kevin C.; Smith, Kitty; Leder, Karin; Jensenius, Mogens; Coyle, Christina M.; Castelli, Francesco; Matteelli, Alberto
• Is Part Of: Journal of travel medicine. Volume 21:Issue 5(2014)
• Page Start: 314
• Page End: 317
• Publication Date: 2014-06-03
• Subjects: Communicable diseases -- Prevention -- Periodicals; Medicine, Preventive -- Periodicals; Travel -- Periodicals; 613.6805
• DOI: 10.1111/jtm.12134
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1195-1982

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="jtm12134-abs-0001"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="jtm12134-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Background</title> <p id="jtm12134-para-0001">According to WHO, 1.5 million cases of malaria are reported annually in Pakistan. Malaria distribution in Pakistan is heterogeneous, and some areas, including Punjab, are considered at low risk for malaria. The aim of this study is to describe the trend of imported malaria cases from Pakistan reported to the international surveillance systems from 2005 to 2012.</p> </sec> <sec id="jtm12134-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p id="jtm12134-para-0002">Clinics reporting malaria cases acquired after a stay in Pakistan between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2012, were identified from the GeoSentinel (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.geosentinel.org" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">http://www.geosentinel.org</ext-link>) and EuroTravNet (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.Eurotravnet.eu" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">http://www.Eurotravnet.eu</ext-link>) networks. Demographic and travel‐related information was retrieved from the database and further information such as areas of destination within Pakistan was obtained directly from the reporting sites. Standard linear regression models were used to assess the statistical significance of the time trend.</p> </sec> <sec id="jtm12134-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p id="jtm12134-para-0003">From January 2005 to December 2012, a total of 63 cases of malaria acquired in Pakistan were retrieved in six countries over three continents. A statistically significant increasing trend in imported <italic>Plasmodium vivax</italic> malaria cases acquired in Pakistan, particularly for those exposed in Punjab, was observed over time (<italic>p</italic> = 0.006).</p> </sec> <sec id="jtm12134-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions</title> <p id="jtm12134-para-0004">Our observation may herald a variation in malaria incidence in the Punjab province of Pakistan. This is in contrast with the previously described decreasing incidence of malaria in travelers to the Indian subcontinent, and with reports that describe Punjab as a low risk area for malaria. Nevertheless, this event is considered plausible by international organizations. This has potential implications for changes in chemoprophylaxis options and reinforces the need for increased surveillance, also considering the risk of introduction of autochthonous <italic>P. vivax</italic> malaria in areas where competent vectors are present, such as Europe.</p> </sec> </abstract>