Effects Of Tending By Solenopsis Invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) On The Sugar Composition And Concentration In The Honeydew Of An Invasive Mealybug, Phenacoccus Solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). (16th February 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhou, A.M.; Wu, D.; Liang, G.W.; Lu, Y.Y.; Xu, Y.J.; Wright, J
• Is Part Of: Ethology. Volume 121:Number 5(2015:May)
• Page Start: 492
• Page End: 500
• Publication Date: 2015-02-16
• Subjects: Animal behavior -- Periodicals; 591.5
• DOI: 10.1111/eth.12363
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0179-1613

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="eth12363-abs-0001"> <title>Abstract</title> <p>Mutualistic interactions between ants and hemipterans are mediated by the honeydew produced by the hemipterans. Previous works have demonstrated that the invasive mealybug <italic>Phenacoccus solenopsis</italic> produces abundant honeydew and attracts a large number of workers of the fire ant <italic>Solenopsis invicta</italic>. Mealybugs exhibit higher fecundity when tended by fire ants. The honeydew produced by <italic>P. solenopsis</italic> plays an important role in interactions between these two species. However, relatively few studies have focused on whether there is a cost to <italic>P. solenopsis</italic> mealybugs of being tended by <italic>S. invicta</italic> through changes in their excretion behavior and the quantity of honeydew produced. Our results indicated that the honeydew of <italic>P. solenopsis</italic> contains xylose, fructose, sucrose, trehalose, melezitose, and raffinose. The sugar concentration in the mealybug honeydew changed in an ant‐tended treatment. When tended by fire ants, the mealybugs generated honeydew with a significantly decreased xylose concentration. In contrast, the droplets showed a considerable increase in the melezitose concentration. <italic>P. solenopsis</italic> excreted honeydew more frequently when tended by <italic>S. invicta</italic>, but the weights of the droplets excreted by the ant‐tended mealybugs were significantly lower. In addition, <italic>S. invicta</italic> exhibited a significant preference for different sugars. Melezitose was visited more intensively than the other sugars in two choice tests. These results may suggest that, to attract more tending ants, mealybugs adjust their carbohydrate metabolism.</p> </abstract>