Mini review on blood–brain barrier penetration of pyridinium aldoximes. Issue 2 (7th October 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kalász, H.; Nurulain, S. M.; Veress, G.; Antus, S.; Darvas, F.; Adeghate, E.; Adem, A.; Hashemi, F.; Tekes, K.
• Is Part Of: Journal of applied toxicology. Volume 35:Issue 2(2015)
• Page Start: 116
• Page End: 123
• Publication Date: 2014-10-07
• Subjects: Toxicology -- Periodicals; Industrial toxicology -- Periodicals; Environmentally induced diseases -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; 615.9005
• DOI: 10.1002/jat.3048
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0260-437X

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>This paper reviews the blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration of newly developed pyridinium aldoximes. Pyridinium aldoximes are highly charged hydrophilic compounds used in the treatment of subjects exposed to organophosphonates because they are effective as acetylcholinesterase reactivators. Pyridinium aldoximes have antidotal effects against poisoning with cholinesterase inhibitors, a frequent problem affecting people working with organophosphate‐based insecticides and pesticides. Toxic organophosphonate products such as sarin and tabun can be used by terrorists as chemical warfare agents. This poses a severe challenge to all innocent and peace‐loving people worldwide. This review gives a brief summary of BBB transporters and description of the current <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> methods for the characterization of BBB penetration of established and novel pyridinium aldoximes. The authors provide a putative mechanism of penetration, outline some future ways of formulation and discuss the possible advantages and disadvantages of increasing BBB penetration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p> </abstract>