Spider mites suppress tomato defenses downstream of jasmonate and salicylate independently of hormonal crosstalk. Issue 2 (8th October 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Alba, Juan M.; Schimmel, Bernardus C. J.; Glas, Joris J.; Ataide, Livia M. S.; Pappas, Maria L.; Villarroel, Carlos A.; Schuurink, Robert C.; Sabelis, Maurice W.; Kant, Merijn R.
• Is Part Of: New phytologist. Volume 205:Issue 2(2015)
• Page Start: 828
• Page End: 840
• Publication Date: 2014-10-08
• Subjects: Botany -- Periodicals; 580
• DOI: 10.1111/nph.13075
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0028-646X

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="nph13075-abs-0001"> <title>Summary</title> <p> <list id="nph13075-list-0001" list-type="bullet"> <list-item> <p>Plants respond to herbivory by mounting a defense. Some plant‐eating spider mites (<italic>Tetranychus</italic> spp.) have adapted to plant defenses to maintain a high reproductive performance. From natural populations we selected three spider mite strains from two species, <italic>Tetranychus urticae</italic> and <italic>Tetranychus evansi</italic>, that can suppress plant defenses, using a fourth defense‐inducing strain as a benchmark, to assess to which extent these strains suppress defenses differently.</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p>We characterized timing and magnitude of phytohormone accumulation and defense‐gene expression, and determined if mites that cannot suppress defenses benefit from sharing a leaf with suppressors.</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p>The nonsuppressor strain induced a mixture of jasmonate‐ (JA) and salicylate (SA)‐dependent defenses. Induced defense genes separated into three groups: 'early' (expression peak at 1 d postinfestation (dpi)); 'intermediate' (4 dpi); and 'late', whose expression increased until the leaf died. The <italic>T. evansi</italic> strains suppressed genes from all three groups, but the <italic>T. urticae</italic> strain only suppressed the late ones. Suppression occurred downstream of JA and SA accumulation, independently of the JA–SA antagonism, and was powerful enough to boost the reproductive performance of nonsuppressors up to 45%.</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p>Our results show that suppressing defenses not only brings benefits but, within herbivore communities, can also generate a considerable ecological cost when promoting the population growth of a competitor.</p> </list-item> </list> </p> </abstract>