Gender differences and patterns of cardiovascular risk factors in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: a population‐based analysis from a Scottish region. Issue 1 (25th September 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Collier, A.; Ghosh, S.; Hair, M.; Waugh, N.
• Is Part Of: Diabetic medicine. Volume 32:Issue 1(2015:Jan.)
• Page Start: 42
• Page End: 46
• Publication Date: 2014-09-25
• Subjects: Diabetes -- Periodicals; 616.462
• DOI: 10.1111/dme.12569
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0742-3071

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="dme12569-abs-0001"> <title>Abstract</title> <sec id="dme12569-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Aim</title> <p>To explore the gender differences, along with the relationships between BMI, glycaemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and the prevalence of diabetes complications, in a representative population‐based group of people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.</p> </sec> <sec id="dme12569-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>Data were obtained from general practices in Ayrshire and Arran, Scotland for 15 351 patients.</p> </sec> <sec id="dme12569-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>In the cohort with Type 1 diabetes, after adjustment for age, men had a significantly lower BMI (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.007) and significantly lower total cholesterol (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.005), HDL‐cholesterol (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>2.5*10<sup>‐17</sup>) and HbA<sub>1c</sub> levels (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.003) than women. By contrast, men had higher blood pressure, both systolic (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.034) and diastolic (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.0003), and higher non‐fasting triglyceride levels (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.001). Men with Type 1 diabetes had a higher prevalence of neuropathy (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.021). Among people with Type 2 diabetes, men had a significantly lower BMI (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>4.26*10<sup>‐37</sup>), and significantly lower total cholesterol (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>2.96*10<sup>‐62</sup>) and HDL‐cholesterol levels (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>8.25*10<sup>‐141</sup>) but higher non‐fasting triglyceride levels (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.0002). In Type 2 diabetes, men had a higher prevalence of ischaemic heart disease (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>1.66*10<sup>‐25</sup>), stroke (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.002) and peripheral vascular disease (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>1.68*10<sup>‐12</sup>), while women were older (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>4.83*10<sup>‐23</sup>), heavier and had a higher prevalence of hypertension (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>5.32*10<sup>‐12</sup>). More people with Type 2 diabetes were on lipid‐lowering treatment (84.7 vs 52.4%; <italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>5.51*10<sup>‐8</sup>) than were those with Type 1 diabetes. The prevalence of retinopathy was higher among non‐smokers thank smokers in people with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes (Type 1, <italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.016; Type 2, <italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.001).</p> </sec> <sec id="dme12569-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>The study shows gender differences between Type 1 and 2 diabetes that are of clinical significance and require further investigation. Follow‐up of the patients included in the present study should give us much greater understanding of the importance of gender in the development of metabolic abnormalities and diabetes complications.</p> </sec> </abstract>