Viewing rate and reference ranges for papillary muscle areas of the fetal heart using four‐dimensional ultrasound in the rendering mode. (22nd July 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rolo, Liliam Cristine; Rizzo, Giuseppe; Pietrolucci, Maria Elena; Barros, Fernanda Silveira Bello; Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes Machado; Martins, Wellington P.; Arduini, Domenico; Moron, Antonio Fernandes; Araujo Júnior, Edward
• Is Part Of: Prenatal diagnosis. Volume 34:Number 12(2014:Dec.)
• Page Start: 1153
• Page End: 1160
• Publication Date: 2014-07-22
• Subjects: Prenatal diagnosis -- Periodicals; Fetus -- Diseases -- Diagnosis -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 618.32075
• DOI: 10.1002/pd.4444
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0197-3851

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title>ABSTRACT</title> <sec id="pd4444-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The aims of this study were to assess the viewing rate and determine reference ranges ​​for the papillary muscle areas in the fetal atrio‐ventricular valves using four‐dimensional (4D) ultrasound and spatio‐temporal image correlation (STIC) in the rendering mode.</p> </sec> <sec id="pd4444-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>This cross‐sectional prospective study included 310 4D STIC volume data sets of normal fetuses between 18 weeks 0 day and 34 weeks 0 day of gestation. The papillary muscles were antero‐lateral (MPAL) and postero‐medial (MPPM) to the mitral valve and antero‐superior (MPAS), inferior (MPI) and septal (MPS) to the tricuspid valve. Polynomial regressions were built to determine the reference ranges, and adjustments were made using the determination coefficient (<italic>R</italic><sup>2</sup>). To assess inter‐observer reproducibility, the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used.</p> </sec> <sec id="pd4444-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>Identification of the papillary muscles was possible in 89.3% patients. The best‐fit regression equations between papillary muscle areas and gestational age were second degree. The inter‐observer reproducibility was good (ICC: 0.98 to MPAS, 0.97 to MPI, 0.98 to MPS, 0.98 to MPAL and 0.97 to MPPM).</p> </sec> <sec id="pd4444-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>Identification of the papillary muscles of the fetal valves was possible in most of the 4D STIC volume data sets, enabling the determination of reference ranges using the rendering mode. The reference ranges ​​for the papillary muscle areas were determined. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p> </sec> </abstract>