Neurocognitive profiles in help-seeking individuals: comparison of risk for psychosis and bipolar disorder criteria. Issue 16 (December 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Metzler, S.; Dvorsky, D.; Wyss, C.; Müller, M.; Traber-Walker, N.; Walitza, S.; Theodoridou, A.; Rössler, W.; Heekeren, K.
• Is Part Of: Psychological medicine. Volume 44:Issue 16(2014)
• Page Start: 3543
• Page End: 3555
• Publication Date: 2014-12
• Subjects: Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Medicine and psychology -- Periodicals; Clinical psychology -- Periodicals; 616.89
• DOI: 10.1017/S0033291714001007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0033-2917

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="normal"> <title> <x content-type="archive" xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="sec_a1"> <title>Background.</title> <p>Neurocognitive deficits are important aspects of the schizophrenic disorders because they have a strong impact on social and vocational outcomes. We expanded on previous research by focusing on the neurocognitive profiles of persons at high risk (HR) or ultra-high risk (UHR) for schizophrenic and affective psychoses. Our main aim was to determine whether neurocognitive measures are sufficiently sensitive to predict a group affiliation based on deficits in functional domains.</p> </sec> <sec id="sec_a2" sec-type="methods"> <title>Method.</title> <p>This study included 207 help-seeking individuals identified as HR (<italic>n</italic> = 75), UHR (<italic>n</italic> = 102) or at high risk for bipolar disorder (HRBip; <italic>n</italic> = 30), who were compared with persons comprising a matched, healthy control group (CG; <italic>n</italic> = 50). Neuropsychological variables were sorted according to their load in a factor analysis and were compared among groups. In addition, the likelihood of group membership was estimated using logistic regression analyses.</p> </sec> <sec id="sec_a3" sec-type="results"> <title>Results.</title> <p>The performance of HR and HRBip participants was comparable, and intermediate between the controls and UHR. The domain of processing speed was most sensitive in discriminating HR and UHR [odds ratio (OR) 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28–0.78, <italic>p</italic> = 0.004] whereas learning and memory deficits predicted a conversion to schizophrenic psychosis (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25–0.87, <italic>p</italic> = 0.01).</p> </sec> <sec id="sec_a4" sec-type="conclusion"> <title>Conclusions.</title> <p>Performances on neurocognitive tests differed among our three at-risk groups and may therefore be useful in predicting psychosis. Overall, cognition had a profound effect on the extent of general functioning and satisfaction with life for subjects at risk of psychosis. Thus, this factor should become a treatment target in itself.</p> </sec> </abstract>