Box–Behnken Design for Optimum Extraction of Biogenetic Chemicals from P. lanceolata with an Energy Audit (Thermal × Microwave × Acoustic): A Case Study of HPTLC Determination with Additional Specificity Using On‐line/Off‐line Coupling with DAD/NIR/ESI‐MS. Issue 6 (7th July 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Srivastava, Pooja; Ajayakumar, P. V.; Shanker, Karuna
• Is Part Of: Phytochemical analysis. Volume 25:Issue 6(2014:Nov.)
• Page Start: 551
• Page End: 560
• Publication Date: 2014-07-07
• Subjects: Plants -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Plants -- chemistry -- Periodicals; 572.2
• DOI: 10.1002/pca.2529
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0958-0344

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title>ABSTRACT</title> <sec id="pca2529-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Introduction</title> <p>The genus <italic>Pluchea</italic> comprises about 80 species distributed worldwide, out of them, only <italic>Pluchea lanceolata</italic> (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern, is used extensively in the traditional system of India. No chromatographic method is available for its quality.</p> </sec> <sec id="pca2529-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Objectives</title> <p>To perform the energy audit for the extraction of biogenetic pentacyclic triterpene, its acetate and sterol from <italic>P. lanceolata</italic> utilising organic and four alternative solvents. Additionally to resolve the uncertainty of TLC determination, on‐line/off‐line coupling with a diode‐array detector (DAD), and near‐infrared (NIR) and electrospray ionisation (ESI) MS was introduced.</p> </sec> <sec id="pca2529-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>The extraction of taraxasterol (Tx), taraxasterol acetate (TxAc) and stigmasterol (St) from <italic>P. lanceolata</italic> was performed using three energy modes. The effects of different operating parameters were studied for optimum extraction yield using the design of experiments, that is, the central composite design and Box–Behnken design. In addition to the retention factor (<italic>R</italic><sub>f</sub>) and visible spectral matching, two additional optical spectroscopic techniques, that is, NIR and ESI‐MS, were applied for extended specificity.</p> </sec> <sec id="pca2529-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>The method was developed for Tx, TxAc and St determination using HPTLC at 645 nm. The optimum extraction yield of targeted compounds was found to be higher with organic solvents than eco‐friendly surfactants. The pulse ultrasonic assisted extraction (PUAE) has resulted in optimum extraction of compounds comparable to hot extraction. Both NIR and ESI‐MS provided extended specificity in determination.</p> </sec> <sec id="pca2529-sec-0005" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The 5/1‐PUAE was determined to be effective, reproducible, simple and energy efficient for the determination of Tx, TxAc and St in <italic>P. lanceolata</italic>. The offline coupling of NIR and ESI‐MS with HPTLC led to considerable improvement in specificity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p> </sec> </abstract>