Effect of docosahexaenoic acid and furan fatty acids on cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay biomarkers in astrocytoma cell lines under conditions of oxidative stress. (15th May 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chua, Ann; Thomas, Philip; Wijesundera, Chakra; Clifton, Peter; Fenech, Michael
• Is Part Of: Environmental and molecular mutagenesis. Volume 55:Number 7(2014:Aug.)
• Page Start: 573
• Page End: 590
• Publication Date: 2014-05-15
• Subjects: Mutagenesis -- Periodicals; Molecular genetics -- Periodicals; Mutagenèse -- Périodiques; Mutagenèse chimique -- Périodiques; Mutation -- Périodiques; Maladies de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Génétique moléculaire -- Périodiques; 576.542
• DOI: 10.1002/em.21873
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0893-6692

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <p>Fatty acids from fish such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with improved brain function, whereas furan fatty acids (FFAs) also found in fish oil at low levels (1%) are thought to have antioxidant properties. Understanding their effects in astrocytes is important as these cells are responsible for maintaining healthy neurons via lipid homeostasis and distribution within the brain, and their decline with aging is a possible cause of dementia. We investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of DHA and FFA using the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus cytome assay in in vitro cultures of U87MG (<italic>APOE</italic> ɛ3/ɛ3) and U118MG (<italic>APOE</italic> ɛ2/ɛ4) astrocytoma cell lines with and without a hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, 100 µM) challenge. U118MG was found to be more sensitive to the cytostatic, cytotoxic (i.e., apoptosis), and DNA damaging effects [micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs)] of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (<italic>P</italic> < 0.01 and <italic>P</italic> < 0.001) when compared with U87MG. DHA at 100 µg/mL significantly affected cytostasis (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) and increased DNA damage in the form of NPBs and MNi (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) in both cell lines, whereas it decreased necrosis (<italic>P</italic> = 0.0251) in U87MG. Significant DHA–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> interactions were observed for decreased necrosis (<italic>P</italic> = 0.0033) and DNA damage biomarkers (<italic>P</italic> < 0.0001) in the U87MG cell line and increased cytostasis (<italic>P</italic> < 0.0001) in the U118MG cell line. The effects of FFA also varied between the cell lines, with significant effects observed in decreased cytostasis (<italic>P</italic> = 0.0022) in the U87MG cell line, whereas increasing cytostasis (<italic>P</italic> = 0.0144) in the U118MG cell line. Overall, FFA exerted minimal effects on DNA damage biomarkers. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 55:573–590, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </abstract>