Coffee consumption and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults—results from a Swedish case–control study. Issue 7 (2nd May 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Löfvenborg, J. E.; Andersson, T.; Carlsson, P.‐O.; Dorkhan, M.; Groop, L.; Martinell, M.; Rasouli, B.; Storm, P.; Tuomi, T.; Carlsson, S.
• Is Part Of: Diabetic medicine. Volume 31:Issue 7(2014:Jul.)
• Page Start: 799
• Page End: 805
• Publication Date: 2014-05-02
• Subjects: Diabetes -- Periodicals; 616.462
• DOI: 10.1111/dme.12469
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0742-3071

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="dme12469-abs-0001"> <title>Abstract</title> <sec id="dme12469-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Aims</title> <p>Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to investigate if coffee intake may also reduce the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, an autoimmune form of diabetes with features of Type 2 diabetes.</p> </sec> <sec id="dme12469-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>We used data from a population‐based case–control study with incident cases of adult onset (≥ 35 years) diabetes, including 245 cases of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positive), 759 cases of Type 2 diabetes (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody negative), together with 990 control subjects without diabetes, randomly selected from the population. Using questionnaire information on coffee consumption, we estimated the odds ratio of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and Type 2 diabetes adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, education and family history of diabetes.</p> </sec> <sec id="dme12469-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>Coffee intake was inversely associated with Type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.98 per cup/day). With regard to latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, the general trend was weak (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.96–1.13), but stratification by degree of autoimmunity (median glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels) suggested that coffee intake may be associated with an increased risk of high glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.23 per cup/day). Furthermore, for every additional cup of coffee consumed per day, there was a 15.2% (<italic>P</italic> = 0.0268) increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels.</p> </sec> <sec id="dme12469-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>Our findings confirm that coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, the findings suggest that coffee may be associated with development of autoimmunity and possibly an increased risk of more Type 1‐like latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.</p> </sec> </abstract>