Effects of topical indomethacin, bromfenac and nepafenac on lipopolysaccharide‐induced ocular inflammation. (12th February 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bucolo, Claudio; Marrazzo, Giuseppina; Platania, Chiara Bianca Maria; Romano, Giovanni Luca; Drago, Filippo; Salomone, Salvatore
• Is Part Of: Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. Volume 66:Number 7(2014:Jul.)
• Page Start: 954
• Page End: 960
• Publication Date: 2014-02-12
• Subjects: Pharmacy -- Periodicals; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; 615.1
• DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12224
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-3573

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title>Abstract</title> <sec id="jphp12224-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Objectives</title> <p>To evaluate the effects of topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on retinal vascular leakage, and inflammatory markers in endotoxin‐induced uveitis (EIU) in rats.</p> </sec> <sec id="jphp12224-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>EIU was induced in rats by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Topical 0.5% indomethacin, 0.09% bromfenac and 0.1% nepafenac were given before and after LPS. Twenty‐four hours after LPS, the animals were euthanized and plasma along with retina were collected to assess prostaglandin‐E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Retinal vascular leakage was assessed by Evans blue. Molecular modelling was used to evaluate interaction of compounds with cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2).</p> </sec> <sec id="jphp12224-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Key findings</title> <p>All NSAIDs tested significantly prevented PGE<sub>2</sub> production with higher effect of indomethacin and bromfenac in comparison with nepafenac. The three drugs did not affect plasma CRP levels. The analysis of retinal vascular leakage revealed a significant (<italic>P</italic> < 0.01) decrease after treatment with indomethacin, but no significant changes were observed after treatment with bromfenac and nepafenac. Indomethacin had a different interaction with COX‐2 in comparison with bromfenac and amfenac (active metabolite of nepafenac).</p> </sec> <sec id="jphp12224-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>Topical treatment with indomethacin, bromfenac and nepafenac has significant anti‐inflammatory effects. However, only indomethacin was able to prevent retinal vascular leakage in LPS‐injected rats, likely due to the distinctive molecular mechanism.</p> </sec> </abstract>