Hypothermia protects human neurons. Issue 5 (3rd January 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Antonic, Ana; Dottori, Mirella; Leung, Jessie; Sidon, Kate; Batchelor, Peter E.; Wilson, William; Macleod, Malcolm R.; Howells, David W.
• Is Part Of: International journal of stroke. Volume 9:Issue 5(2014:Jul.)
• Page Start: 544
• Page End: 552
• Publication Date: 2014-01-03
• Subjects: 616.8005
• DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12224
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1747-4930

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="ijs12224-sec-1001" sec-type="section"> <title>Background and Aims</title> <p>Hypothermia provides neuroprotection after cardiac arrest, hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy, and in animal models of ischemic stroke. However, as drug development for stroke has been beset by translational failure, we sought additional evidence that hypothermia protects human neurons against ischemic injury.</p> </sec> <sec id="ijs12224-sec-1002" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>Human embryonic stem cells were cultured and differentiated to provide a source of neurons expressing β III tubulin, microtubule‐associated protein 2, and the Neuronal Nuclei antigen. Oxygen deprivation, oxygen‐glucose deprivation, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐induced oxidative stress were used to induce relevant injury.</p> </sec> <sec id="ijs12224-sec-1003" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>Hypothermia to 33°C protected these human neurons against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐induced oxidative stress reducing lactate dehydrogenase release and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling‐staining by 53% (<italic>P</italic> ≤ 0·0001; 95% confidence interval 34·8–71·04) and 42% (<italic>P</italic> ≤ 0·0001; 95% confidence interval 27·5–56·6), respectively, after 24 h in culture. Hypothermia provided similar protection against oxygen‐glucose deprivation (42%, <italic>P</italic> ≤ 0·001, 95% confidence interval 18·3–71·3 and 26%, <italic>P</italic> ≤ 0·001; 95% confidence interval 12·4–52·2, respectively) but provided no protection against oxygen deprivation alone. Protection (21%) persisted against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐induced oxidative stress even when hypothermia was initiated six‐hours after onset of injury (<italic>P</italic> ≤ 0·05; 95% confidence interval 0·57–43·1).</p> </sec> <sec id="ijs12224-sec-1004" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>We conclude that hypothermia protects stem cell‐derived human neurons against insults relevant to stroke over a clinically relevant time frame. Protection against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>‐induced injury and combined oxygen and glucose deprivation but not against oxygen deprivation alone suggests an interaction in which protection benefits from reduction in available glucose under some but not all circumstances.</p> </sec> </abstract>