Accelerated hematopoietic syndrome after radiation doses bridging hematopoietic (H-ARS) and gastrointestinal (GI-ARS) acute radiation syndrome: Early hematological changes and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in minipig. (May 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Moroni, Maria; Elliott, Thomas B.; Deutz, Nicolaas E.; Olsen, Cara H.; Owens, Rossitsa; Christensen, Christine; Lombardini, Eric D.; Whitnall, Mark H.
• Is Part Of: International journal of radiation biology. Volume 90:Number 5(2014:May)
• Page Start: 363
• Page End: 372
• Publication Date: 2014-05
• Subjects: Radiation -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Radiobiology -- Periodicals; 571.45
• DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.892226
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0955-3002

Abstract

<abstract> <title>Abstract</title> <p> <italic>Purpose</italic>: To characterize acute radiation syndrome (ARS) sequelae at doses intermediate between the bone marrow (H-ARS) and full gastrointestinal (GI-ARS) syndrome.</p> <p> <italic>Methods</italic>: Male minipigs, approximately 5 months old, 9–12 kg in weight, were irradiated with Cobalt-60 (total body, bilateral gamma irradiation, 0.6 Gy/min). Endpoints were 10-day survival, gastrointestinal histology, plasma citrulline, bacterial translocation, vomiting, diarrhea, vital signs, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), febrile neutropenia (FN).</p> <p> <italic>Results</italic>: We exposed animals to doses (2.2–5.0 Gy) above those causing H-ARS (1.6–2.0 Gy), and evaluated development of ARS. Compared to what was observed during H-ARS (historical data: <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CIT0014">Moroni et al. 2011a</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CIT0016">2011c</xref>), doses above 2 Gy produced signs of increasingly severe pulmonary damage, faster deterioration of clinical conditions, and faster increases in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). In the range of 4.6–5.0 Gy, animals died by day 9–10; signs of the classic GI syndrome, as measured by diarrhea, vomiting and bacterial translocation, did not occur. At doses above 2 Gy we observed transient reduction in circulating citrulline levels, and animals exhibited earlier depletion of blood elements and faster onset of SIRS and FN.</p> <p> <italic>Conclusions</italic>: An accelerated hematopoietic subsyndrome (AH-ARS) is observed at radiation doses between those producing H-ARS and GI-ARS. It is characterized by early onset of SIRS and FN, and greater lung damage, compared to H-ARS.</p> </abstract>