Carbonate apatite nephrolithiasis associated with Corynebacterium urealyticum urinary tract infection in a dog. Issue 5 (May 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fleischhacker, SN; Horstmann, C; Hartmann, K; Schubert, S; Dorsch, R
• Is Part Of: Australian veterinary journal. Volume 92:Issue 5(2014)
• Page Start: 161
• Page End: 165
• Publication Date: 2014-05
• Subjects: Veterinary medicine -- Australia -- Periodicals; Veterinary medicine -- Periodicals; Veterinary Medicine -- Periodicals; 636.089
• DOI: 10.1111/avj.12168
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0005-0423

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="avj12168-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Background</title> <p>Urinary tract infections caused by <italic>Corynebacterium urealyticum</italic> are uncommon in veterinary medicine. Encrusted cystitis, encrusted pyelitis and uroliths have been described as complications in humans, but only encrusted cystitis and cystoliths have been reported in dogs so far. Because <italic>C. urealyticum</italic> is usually resistant to all standard antibacterial drugs, antimicrobial treatment and elimination of this microorganism are challenging.</p> </sec> <sec id="avj12168-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Case report</title> <p>An 11‐month‐old female spayed mixed‐breed dog was evaluated because of a <italic>C. urealyticum</italic> urinary tract infection, mineralisation within both renal pelvises and failure of antimicrobial treatment. Physical examination, haematology and biochemistry were unremarkable. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations confirmed bilateral nephrolithiasis. Voided uroliths were composed of 100% carbonate apatite. Urinalysis was indicative of bacterial infection. Aerobic culture of the urine and 16S rRNA sequencing identified significant growth of <italic>C. urealyticum</italic> and susceptibility testing revealed sensitivity to only vancomycin and linezolid.</p> </sec> <sec id="avj12168-sec-1001" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Treatment with the oxazolidinone antibacterial, linezolid, in combination with a urine‐acidifying diet resulted in elimination of this multiresistant microorganism and complete resolution of nephrolithiasis.</p> </sec> </abstract>