Aerobic Exercise and Weight Loss Reduce Vascular Markers of Inflammation and Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Women. Issue 4 (17th March 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ryan, Alice S.; Ge, Shealinna; Blumenthal, Jacob B.; Serra, Monica C.; Prior, Steven J.; Goldberg, Andrew P.
• Is Part Of: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Volume 62:Issue 4(2014:Apr.)
• Page Start: 607
• Page End: 614
• Publication Date: 2014-03-17
• Subjects: Geriatrics -- Periodicals; 618.97
• DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12749
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0002-8614

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="jgs12749-abs-0001"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="jgs12749-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Objectives</title> <p>To examine the relationships between plasma and tissue markers of systemic and vascular inflammation and obesity and insulin resistance and determine the effects of aerobic exercise training plus weight loss (AEX+WL) and weight loss (WL) alone on these biomarkers.</p> </sec> <sec id="jgs12749-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Design</title> <p>Prospective controlled study.</p> </sec> <sec id="jgs12749-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Setting</title> <p>Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University research setting.</p> </sec> <sec id="jgs12749-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Participants</title> <p>Overweight and obese sedentary postmenopausal women (N = 77).</p> </sec> <sec id="jgs12749-sec-0005" sec-type="section"> <title>Interventions</title> <p>Six months, 3 d/wk AEX+WL (n = 37) or WL (n = 40).</p> </sec> <sec id="jgs12749-sec-0006" sec-type="section"> <title>Measurements</title> <p>Total‐body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, abdominal computed tomography, hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamps (a criterion standard method of assessing insulin sensitivity), adipose tissue biopsies (n = 28), and blood for homeostasis model assessment—insulin resistance, and soluble forms of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM‐1), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA).</p> </sec> <sec id="jgs12749-sec-0007" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>Body weight (<italic>P</italic> < .001), percentage of fat (<italic>P</italic> < .001), visceral fat (<italic>P</italic> < .005), triglyceride levels (<italic>P</italic> < .001), and systolic blood pressure decreased comparably after WL and AEX+WL (<italic>P</italic> = .04). Maximal oxygen consumption increased 16% after AEX+WL (<italic>P</italic> < .001). Insulin resistance decreased in both groups (<italic>P</italic> = .005). Glucose utilization according to the clamp increased 10% (<italic>P</italic> = .04) with AEX+WL and 8% with WL (<italic>P</italic> = .07). AEX+WL decreased CRP by 29% (<italic>P</italic> < .001) and WL by 21% (<italic>P</italic> = .02). SAA levels decreased twice as much after AEX+WL (−19%, <italic>P</italic> = .02) as after WL (−9%, <italic>P</italic> = .08). Plasma sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1 levels did not change, but women with the greatest reduction in plasma sICAM‐1 levels had the greatest reductions in fasting glucose (<italic>P</italic> = .02), insulin (<italic>P</italic> = .02), and insulin resistance (<italic>P</italic> = .004). Gluteal ICAM messenger ribonucleic acid levels decreased 27% after AEX+WL (<italic>P</italic> = .02) and did not change after WL.</p> </sec> <sec id="jgs12749-sec-0008" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Obesity and insulin resistance worsen markers of systemic and vascular inflammation. A reduction in plasma sICAM‐1 is important to improve insulin sensitivity. CRP, SAA, and tissue ICAM decrease with exercise and weight loss, suggesting that exercise training is a necessary component of lifestyle modification in obese postmenopausal women.</p> </sec> </abstract>