Review article: genetic factors that modify the outcome of viral hepatitis. Issue 10 (24th March 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Stättermayer, A. F.; Scherzer, T.; Beinhardt, S.; Rutter, K.; Hofer, H.; Ferenci, P.
• Is Part Of: Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. Volume 39:Issue 10(2014)
• Page Start: 1059
• Page End: 1070
• Publication Date: 2014-03-24
• Subjects: Digestive organs -- Diseases -- Treatment -- Periodicals; Digestive organs -- Effect of drugs on -- Periodicals; Gastrointestinal system -- Diseases -- Treatment -- Periodicals; Gastrointestinal system -- Effect of drugs on -- Periodicals; 615.73
• DOI: 10.1111/apt.12717
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-2813

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="apt12717-abs-0001"> <title>Summary</title> <sec id="apt12717-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Background</title> <p>Genetic factors can play an important role for treatment response and disease progression in chronic viral hepatitis.</p> </sec> <sec id="apt12717-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Aim</title> <p>To review the influence of host genetic factors on the clinical course as well as on treatment response in patients with viral hepatitis.</p> </sec> <sec id="apt12717-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>Review of the literature.</p> </sec> <sec id="apt12717-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>A landmark genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified polymorphisms in the <italic>IL28B</italic> gene on chromosome 19 (19q13.13) associated with response to therapy with pegylated interferon‐α (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) and spontaneous viral clearance in acute hepatitis C. Furthermore, <italic>IL28B</italic> genotype is associated with changes of lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. A further GWAS demonstrated that <italic>ITPA</italic> genetic variants protect HCV genotype 1 patients from RBV‐induced anaemia. Another polymorphism in the patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (<italic>PNPLA3</italic>) is associated with hepatic steatosis. Difficult‐to‐treat hepatitis C patients homozygous for GG had an up to five‐fold lower chance of viral clearance on PEG/RBV than non‐GG patients.</p> <p>In chronic hepatitis B patients treated with PEG‐IFN several retrospective analyses of <italic>IL28B</italic> rs12980275 and rs12979860 genotypes yielded conflicting results which can be explained by the heterogeneity between the study populations. Some variants of the HLA‐DP locus (<italic>HLA‐DPA1</italic> A allele and <italic>HLA‐DPB1</italic>) protect against progression of chronic hepatitis B infection.</p> </sec> <sec id="apt12717-sec-0005" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>The determination of IL28B polymorphisms may be useful to individualise treatment options when using PEG/RBV based therapies for chronic hepatitis C infection. In contrast, so far identified genetic factors play only a minor role in chronic hepatitis B infection.</p> </sec> </abstract>