Distinct regulation of tonsillar immune response in virus infection. Issue 5 (29th March 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jartti, T.; Palomares, O.; Waris, M.; Tastan, O.; Nieminen, R.; Puhakka, T.; Rückert, B.; Aab, A.; Vuorinen, T.; Allander, T.; Vahlberg, T.; Ruuskanen, O.; Akdis, M.; Akdis, C. A.
• Is Part Of: Allergy. Volume 69:Issue 5(2014:May)
• Page Start: 658
• Page End: 667
• Publication Date: 2014-03-29
• Subjects: Allergy -- Periodicals; 616.97
• DOI: 10.1111/all.12396
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0105-4538

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="all12396-abs-0001"> <title>Abstract</title> <sec id="all12396-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Background</title> <p>The relationships between tonsillar immune responses, and viral infection and allergy are incompletely known.</p> </sec> <sec id="all12396-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Objective</title> <p>To study intratonsillar/nasopharyngeal virus detections and <italic>in vivo</italic> expressions of T‐cell‐ and innate immune response‐specific cytokines, transcription factors, and type I/II/III interferons in human tonsils.</p> </sec> <sec id="all12396-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>Palatine tonsil samples were obtained from 143 elective tonsillectomy patients. Adenovirus, bocavirus‐1, coronavirus, enteroviruses, influenza virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus were detected using PCR. The mRNA expression levels of IFN‐α, IFN‐β, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐17, IL‐28, IL‐29, IL‐37, TGF‐β, FOXP3, GATA3, RORC2, and Tbet were directly analyzed by quantitative RT‐PCR.</p> </sec> <sec id="all12396-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>Fifty percentage of subjects reported allergy, 59% had ≥1 nasopharyngeal viruses, and 24% had ≥1 intratonsillar viruses. Tonsillar virus detection showed a strong negative association with age; especially rhinovirus or parainfluenza virus detection showed positive association with IFN‐γ and Tbet expressions. IL‐37 expression was positively associated with atopic dermatitis, whereas IFN‐α, IL‐13, IL‐28, and Tbet expressions were negatively associated with allergic diseases. Network analyses demonstrated strongly polarized clusters of immune regulatory (IL‐10, IL‐17, TGF‐β, FOXP3, GATA3, RORC2, Tbet) and antiviral (IFN‐α, IFN‐β, IL‐28, IL‐29) genes. These two clusters became more distinctive in the presence of viral infection or allergy. A negative correlation between antiviral cytokines and IL‐10, IL‐17, IL‐37, FOXP3, and RORC2 was observed only in the presence of viruses, and interestingly, IL‐13 strongly correlated with antiviral cytokines.</p> </sec> <sec id="all12396-sec-0005" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>Tonsillar cytokine expression is closely related to existing viral infections, age, and allergic illnesses and shows distinct clusters between antiviral and immune regulatory genes.</p> </sec> </abstract>