Antibodies to Influenza Virus A/H1N1 Hemagglutinin in Type 1 Diabetes Children Diagnosed Before, During and After the SWEDISH A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccination Campaign 2009–2010. (February 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Svensson, M.; Ramelius, A.; Nilsson, A.‐L.; Delli, A. J.; Elding Larsson, H.; Carlsson, A.; Forsander, G.; Ivarsson, S. A.; Ludvigsson, J.; Kockum, I.; Marcus, C.; Samuelsson, U.; Örtqvist, E.; Lernmark, Å.
• Is Part Of: Scandinavian journal of immunology. Volume 79:Number 2(2014:Feb.)
• Page Start: 137
• Page End: 148
• Publication Date: 2014-02
• Subjects: Immunology -- Periodicals; 571.96
• DOI: 10.1111/sji.12138
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0300-9475

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="sji12138-abs-0001"> <title>Abstract</title> <p>We determined A/H1N1‐hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies in relation to HLA‐DQ genotypes and islet autoantibodies at clinical diagnosis in 1141 incident 0.7‐to 18‐year‐old type 1 diabetes patients diagnosed April 2009–December 2010. Antibodies to <sup>35</sup>S‐methionine‐labelled A/H1N1 hemagglutinin were determined in a radiobinding assay in patients diagnosed before (<italic>n</italic> = 325), during (<italic>n</italic> = 355) and after (<italic>n</italic> = 461) the October 2009–March 2010 Swedish A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination campaign, along with HLA‐DQ genotypes and autoantibodies against GAD, insulin, IA‐2 and ZnT8 transporter. Before vaccination, 0.6% patients had A/H1N1‐HA antibodies compared with 40% during and 27% after vaccination (<italic>P </italic><<italic> </italic>0.0001). In children <3 years of age, A/H1N1‐HA antibodies were found only during vaccination. The frequency of A/H1N1‐HA antibodies during vaccination decreased after vaccination among the 3 < 6 (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.006) and 13 < 18 (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.001), but not among the 6 < 13‐year‐olds. HLA‐DQ2/8 positive children <3 years decreased from 54% (15/28) before and 68% (19/28) during, to 30% (9/30) after vaccination (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.014). Regardless of age, DQ2/2; 2/X (<italic>n</italic> = 177) patients had lower frequency (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.020) and levels (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.042) of A/H1N1‐HA antibodies compared with non‐DQ2/2; 2/X (<italic>n</italic> = 964) patients. GADA frequency was 50% before, 60% during and 51% after vaccination (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.009). ZnT8QA frequency increased from 30% before to 34% during and 41% after vaccination (<italic>P </italic>=<italic> </italic>0.002). Our findings suggest that young (<3 years) along with DQ2/2; 2/X patients were low responders to Pandemrix<sup>®</sup>. As the proportion of DQ2/8 patients <3 years of age decreased after vaccination and the frequencies of GADA and ZnT8QA were enhanced, it cannot be excluded that the vaccine affected clinical onset of type 1 diabetes.</p> </abstract>