Rituximab in severe, treatment‐refractory interstitial lung disease. Issue 3 (29th November 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Keir, Gregory J.; Maher, Toby M.; Ming, Damien; Abdullah, Reza; de, Angelo; Wickremasinghe, M.; Nicholson, Andrew G.; Hansell, David M.; Wells, Athol U.; Renzoni, Elisabetta A.
• Is Part Of: Respirology. Volume 19:Issue 3(2014)
• Page Start: 353
• Page End: 359
• Publication Date: 2013-11-29
• Subjects: Respiratory organs -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Respiratory organs -- Periodicals; 612.2
• DOI: 10.1111/resp.12214
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1323-7799

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title>Abstract</title> <sec id="resp12214-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Background and objective</title> <p>In patients with severe interstitial lung disease (ILD) progressing despite conventional immunosuppression, rituximab, a B‐lymphocyte depleting monoclonal antibody, may offer an effective rescue therapy.</p> </sec> <sec id="resp12214-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>Retrospective assessment of 50 patients with severe, progressive ILD (of varying aetiologies, excluding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)) treated with rituximab between 2010 and 2012. Change in pulmonary function tests compared with pre‐rituximab levels was assessed at 6–12 months post‐treatment.</p> </sec> <sec id="resp12214-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>ILD was associated with connective tissue disease in 33 patients, hypersensitivity pneumonitis in 6 patients and miscellaneous conditions in 11 patients. At the time of rituximab administration, patients had severe physiologic impairment with a median forced vital capacity (FVC) of 44.0% (24.0–99.0%) and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DL<sub>CO</sub>) of 24.5% (11.4–67.0%). In contrast with a median decline in FVC of 14.3% and DL<sub>CO</sub> of 18.8% in the 6–12 months prior to rituximab, analysis of paired pulmonary function data revealed a median improvement in FVC of 6.7% (<italic>P</italic> < 0.01) and stability of DL<sub>CO</sub> (0% change; <italic>P</italic> < 0.01) in the 6–12 months following rituximab treatment. Two patients developed serious infections (pneumonia) requiring hospitalization following rituximab, and 10 patients died from progression of underlying ILD, a median of 5.1 (1.2–24.5) months after treatment.</p> </sec> <sec id="resp12214-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>In patients with severe, progressive non‐IPF ILD unresponsive to conventional immunosuppression, rituximab may offer an effective therapeutic intervention. Future prospective, controlled trials are warranted to validate these findings, and to assess safety outcomes.</p> </sec> </abstract>