Beyond the mitochondrion: cytosolic PINK1 remodels dendrites through Protein Kinase A. (13th November 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Dagda, Ruben K.; Pien, Irene; Wang, Ruth; Zhu, Jianhui; Wang, Kent Z. Q.; Callio, Jason; Banerjee, Tania Das; Dagda, Raul Y.; Chu, Charleen T.
• Is Part Of: Journal of neurochemistry. Volume 128:Number 6(2014:Mar.)
• Page Start: 864
• Page End: 877
• Publication Date: 2013-11-13
• Subjects: Neurochemistry -- Periodicals; 616.8042
• DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12494
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0022-3042

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="jnc12494-abs-0001"> <title>Abstract</title> <p>The subcellular compartmentalization of kinase activity allows for regulation of distinct cellular processes involved in cell differentiation or survival. The PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1), which is linked to Parkinson's disease, is a neuroprotective kinase localized to cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments. While mitochondrial targeting of PINK1 is important for its activities regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, the physiological role of the cytosolic pool of PINK1 remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate a novel role for cytosolic PINK1 in neuronal differentiation/neurite maintenance. Over‐expression of wild‐type PINK1, but not a catalytically inactive form of PINK1(K219M), promoted neurite outgrowth in SH‐SY5Y cells and increased dendritic lengths in primary cortical and midbrain dopaminergic neurons. To identify the subcellular pools of PINK1 involved in promoting neurite outgrowth, we transiently transfected cells with PINK1 constructs designed to target PINK1 to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM‐PINK1) or restrict PINK1 to the cytosol (ΔN111‐PINK1). Both constructs blocked cell death associated with loss of endogenous PINK1. However, transient expression of ΔN111‐PINK1, but not of OMM‐PINK1 or ΔN111‐PINK1(K219M), promoted dendrite outgrowth in primary neurons, and rescued the decreased dendritic arborization of PINK1‐deficient neurons. Mechanistically, the cytosolic pool of PINK1 regulated neurite morphology through enhanced anterograde transport of dendritic mitochondria and amplification of protein kinase A‐related signaling pathways. Our data support a novel role for PINK1 in regulating dendritic morphogenesis. <boxed-text content-type="graphic" id="jnc12487-blkfxd-0001" position="anchor" orientation="portrait"><graphic position="anchor" mimetype="image" xlink:href="ark:/27927/pgg4sxpj1v8" orientation="portrait" xlink:type="simple" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" /></boxed-text></p> <p>Mutations in <italic>PINK1</italic> cause recessive Parkinson's disease, but the neuronal function(s) of the PINK1 protein remain elusive. We found that cytosolic PINK1 promotes neuronal differentiation in naïve cells, reversing dendritic shortening and cell death in <italic>Pink1</italic><sup>−/−</sup> neurons, by increasing PKA activity and mitochondrial transport to dendrites. Release of processed PINK1 from healthy mitochondria may serve as a pro‐differentiation signal in cortical and dopaminergic neurons.</p> </abstract>